M9 Navigation Introduction Flashcards
Mercator
Noun: Mercator |mur'key‑tu(r)| Flemish geographer who lived in Germany; he invented the Mercator projection of maps of the globe (1512-1594) = Gerardus Mercator, Gerhard Kremer ~ geographer
Beacon
Noun: beacon |bee‑kun| A fire (usually on a hill or tower) that can be seen from a distance = beacon fire ~ visual signal ⇒ signal fire, signal light A radio station that broadcasts a directional signal for navigational purposes = radio beacon ~ radio station A tower with a light that gives warning of shoals to passing ships = beacon light, lighthouse, pharos ~ tower ⇒ Tower of Pharos Verb: beacon |bee‑kun| Shine like a beacon ~ beam, shine
Buoy
Noun: buoy
British:|boy| N.American:|boo‑ee|
Bright-colored; a float attached by rope to the seabed to mark channels in a harbor or underwater hazards
~ point of reference, reference, reference point
⇒ acoustic buoy, can, can buoy, conical buoy, dan, dan buoy, nun, nun buoy, spar buoy
Verb: buoy
British:|boy| N.American:|boo‑ee|
Float on the surface of water
~ float, swim
fluster [ˈflʌstə]
The last thing you want to do is to get flustered at night and try to remember which is which. Just learn one of the entering harbor mnemonics presented below.
fluster [ˈflʌstə]
↪ n pasimetimas, sutrikimas, susijaudinimas;
(all) in a fluster pasimetęs, sutrikęs, susijaudinęs
↪ v
1 nervinti(s), blaškyti(s), su(si)jaudinti
Lateral
lateral [ˈlætərəl]
↪ a
1 lateralinis, šoninis (ir fon.); šalinis; horizontalus
2 šalutinis, pašalinis
↪ n
1 kas nors iš šono einantis/esantis (pvz., šoninė šaka, pažastinis ūglis)
2 fon. šoninis/lateralinis priebalsis
who could have guessed?
who could have guessed?
This should be of particular note to
This should be of particular note to those going chartering in various parts of the world.
The reason is said to be that …
The reason is said to be that the Americans during the war for independence wanted to confuse the British ships and so swapped the colors.
Spar
spar [spɑ:]
↪ n 1 skersinis, sija; gegninis 2 rąstas 3 jūr. rangautas 4 av. lonžeronas ↪ v jūr. sutvirtinti skersiniais, įrengti stiebus ir pan.
Pilar
pillar [ˈpɪlə] ↪ n 1 archit. piliorius; pastapas, kolona; stulpas (ir prk.); a pillar of smoke dūmų stulpas 2 pilonas, atrama, stat. ramstis
Beacon
Beacons are fixed to the earth’s surface (not floating) and can be anything from big lighthouses to a sign nailed to some pilings. Lighted beacons are simply called lights; un- lighted beacons are called daybeacons and have shapes or colored signs to distinguish them from other beacons.
Piling
pilings [ˈpaɪlɪŋz] n pl stat. poliai, stapai
Buoy
buoy [bɔɪ]
↪ n jūr. plūduras, buja, gairė, bakenas
↪ v
1 įrengti/išdėstyti bakenus/plūdurus
2 (pa)laikyti paviršiuje; (leisti) plūduriuoti, iškelti į paviršių (t. p. buoy up)
Buoys are floating aids that are anchored to the seabed. Boaters interpret what they mean by their shape, color, and the characteristics of lights and sound signals.
Daybeacons
Daybeacons. In shallow water channels are often marked with a piling that has been driven into the mud bottom and topped with a daymark also called a dayboard. These use the same colors, lights, and numbering system as buoys.
Pillar and buoy
Other options for the shape of the buoys, are pillar or spar buoys, both of these are tall and thin, but usually have a top mark of the appropriate shape.
Buoys
Port and starboard lateral marks, are often shaped differently. Under the ‘A’ system, starboard buoys are conical or pointed and port buoys are can or square shaped.
Other options for the shape of the buoys, are pillar or spar buoys, both of these are tall and thin, but usually have a top mark of the appropriate shape.
Cartesian [kɑ:ˈti:zɪən] a filos. Dekarto, dekartiškas
Cartesian [kɑ:ˈti:zɪən] a filos. Dekarto, dekartiškas
Trivia
trivia [ˈtrɪvɪə] lot. n pl smulkmenos, niekai
And one more piece of trivia - its about 10,000 kilometers from the equator to any one of the poles.
Trivialise
trivialize [ˈtrɪvɪəlaɪz] v padaryti trivialų/nereikšmingą; sumenkinti, subanalinti
conspicuous
conspicuous [kənˈspɪkjuəs] a
1 išsiskiriantis, krintantis į akis, (gerai) pastebimas;
Peruse
peruse [pəˈru:z] v
1 knyg. atidžiai skaityti
2 ret. tirti, tiriamai apžiūrėti, žiūrinėti (veidą ir pan.)
jetty, piers
jetty n [ˈdʒetɪ]
1 damba; molas
2 pirsas, prieplauka; prieplaukos įrenginys
pier [pɪə] n
1 molas, bangolaužis; damba, (uosto) pylimas
2 jūros tiltas (pasivaikščiojimams ir pan.)
shell
shell [ʃel]
Ä n
1 kiautas, lukštas, kevalas
2 (moliuskų) kiaukutas, kriauklė; (vėžlio) šarvas
shale
shale [ ʃeɪl] n min. skalūnas
luminous range
luminous [ˈlu:mɪnəs] a
1 švytintis, šviečiantis; šviesinis; šviesus;
Regardless of the height of the eye, one cannot see a weak light beyond a certain range. This distance is called the luminous range.
This luminous range ignores the elevation of the light, the observer’s height of eye, the curvature of the earth, and interference from background lighting. It is determined from the known nominal range and the existing visibility conditions.
nominal range
The nominal range is the maximum distance at which a light can be seen in weather conditions where visibility is 10 nautical miles
geographic range
The geographic range is the maximum distance at which the curvature of the earth permits a light to be seen from a particular height of eye without regard to the luminous intensity of the light. A height of eye of 15 feet is often assumed when tabulating a lights’ geographic range if the geographic range is printed on the chart for a particular light.
