M7: Types of Pathogens Flashcards
What is the difference between infectious and non-infectious?
- infectious is contagious and can be transmitted from one host to another containing pathogens
- Non-infectious diseases can not be transmitted from one host to another and are impacted by lifestyle and/or genetics and radiation.
What are pathogens?
organisms or biogenic molecules that are infectious agents, passing from one host to another from a specific disease
examples of pathogens?
- parasites
- protozoa
-fungi - prokaryotic
- virus
- prion
what are prions?
non-living abnormally folded protein that causes brain disease in animals
how are disease prions activated?
abnormal folding patterns occur when coming in contact with other prion proteins, and are transmitted through direct contact or consumption.
examples of prions?
- Scrapie (sheep)
- Mad cow (cattle)
- Jakob disease (human)
- Kuru (human - cannibalism disease)
what are viruses?
- an infectious agent made up of genetic material wrapped in a protein coat (capsid) that always harms an organism.
- very small and can only be seen under an electron microscope
examples of Viruses in plants and animals?
plants
- Tobacco Mosaic Virus
animals
- hep. c
- corona
- herpes
- smallpox
- influenza
- bird flu
how are viruses classified?
by host cell type, type of nucleic acid, and protein coat
how do viruses replicate?
replicate inside the host in which nuclear material causes the cytoplasm of the host cell to produce new viruses, killing the host cell in the process.
Parts of a bacteria cell?
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- chromosomal
- plasmid
- flagellum
Two examples of bacteria?
- tuberculosis (animals)
- black rot (plants)
how does tuberculosis occur?
caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and is spread via droplets. The bacterium is engulfed by the macrophage, where normal lysosome digestion does not occur.
how does black rot occur?
cause by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris, which enters through wounds in the plant’s leaves, and produces polysaccharides that block xylem vessels.
what is Acellular?
- containing no cellular structures
- cannot survive without the host
what is Cellular?
- living organism
- cellular structures .eg. genetic material
what are Protozoa?
single-celled eukaryotic organisms that reproduce by binary fusion. These include all eukaryotic organisms that are not animals, plants or fungi.
features of protozoa?
- most are motile (can move)
- classified by type of locomotion
what is locomotion?
The movement of an organism from one place to another
what are the types of protozoa?
- Paramecium
- Amoeba
- Eugelna
example of protozoa and basic information?
Malaria
- caused by Plasmodium which infects the blood and liver
- spread through mosquito bite (vector)
- symptoms include fever, headaches, fatigue, jaundice, vomiting
what is fungi?
Non-photosynthetic organisms that are usually eukaryotic, and can be both unicellular or multicellular.
how are fungi made up?
- chiton fungi wall
- main body made up of long filaments called hyphae which branch out and make mycelium
how do fungi reproduce?
asexually by budding
examples of fungi and basic information (plant, animal, and insect)
Tinia (human/animal)
- caused by tinea pedis
- spread through direct skin contact or indirect surfaces
- symptoms include redness, itching, scaling of skin
Grey mould (plant)
- cause by Botrytis Cinerea
- kills cells then feeds
- appearance of grey soft spots
Zombie ant (insect)
- caused by Ophiocordyceps unilateralis
- thing shoots out of the head
what are endoparasites? and example
- live inside the host
- transmitted via faecal-oral route through contaminated food and water
- feed on hosts’ tissue and fluids
eg tapeworms
what are ectoparasites? and example
- live outside the host’s body
- feeds on the blood of the host
- some inject toxins
eg mosquito, fleas, ticks
