M7: Adaptations of Pathogens Flashcards
1
Q
what must a pathogen do to be successful?
A
- adhere to host cells
- invade and colonise within host tissue
- transmit to other tissues
2
Q
what certain characteristics do pathogens hold for adhesion?
A
- bacteria > pili and fimbria on outer membrane (hair-like)
- Virus > surface proteins that bind
- Fungi > adhesion proteins
- Macroparasites > mouth, teeth, suckers
3
Q
why must adhesion occur?
A
in order to invade, cells must adhere to the host’s outer cell membrane
4
Q
why must a pathogen invade?
A
entry into host cells or tissues is a vital aspect for pathogen reproduction/ survival
5
Q
what certain characteristics do pathogens hold for entry?
A
- bacteria > release enzymes to break down the membrane
- Virus > receptor-mediated endocytosis
- Prions > infiltrate cells in the lymphatic system
- Protozoans > microtubule protrusions that penetrate cells
- macroplastics > secrete-molecules
6
Q
what is transmission?
A
refers to the passing of pathogens between hosts indirectly or directly
7
Q
types of transmission?
A
- airborne
- blood-borne
8
Q
characteristics of airborne transmission?
A
- able to remain suspended in the air for long periods of time
- resists drying out
9
Q
characteristics of blood-borne transmission?
A
- take advantage of the highly altered structure of red blood cells to facilitate growth and development
