M5: Sexual Reproduction in Plants Flashcards
what is the important function of a flower in a plant?
contain reproductive organs
What are the male parts of a flower?
stamen - made up of anthers and filament
what are the female parts of a flower?
stigma and ovary
What is the function of Anther and Filament?
Anther > where pollen grains (male gametes) are stored.
Filament > stalk that carries male gametes from anthers
What is the function of the Stigma and Ovary?
Stigma > Sticky top surface of the flower to which pollen adheres.
Ovary > Where the ovules (female gametes) are formed.
what is self-pollination?
when some anthers split open and deposit pollen onto their own stigma
Advantages and disadvantages of Self-pollination?
Advantage - pollen grains do not go to waste and use less energy
Disadvantage - lack of genetic variation
what is wind pollination?
long anther produce light pollen which can be picked up easily in the wind
Advantages and disadvantages of wind pollination?
Advantage - less energy required as picked up by the wind
Disadvantage - not very effective as can get lost in the wind, not finding another plant
What is animal Pollination?
birds, insects & mammals search for a meal of nectar or pollen and in the process, pollen rubs onto their bodies as they move to the next flower
Advantages and disadvantages of animal pollination?
Advantage - more effective in transferring due to special adaptions, therefore higher reproductive success rate.
Disadvantage - dependent on pollinators, which can be unreliable
process of germination?
The plant embryo is inside in a dehydrated form before finding soil with suitable conditions, allowing it to grow into a young root.
Types of pollination?
- wind
- animal
- self
