M7: Modes of Transmission Flashcards
What are the ways pathogens can be transmitted?
Direct contact, Indirect contact, vector, and Vehicle
what is an active carrier?
someone harbouring the disease in own body
what is a passive carrier?
transmitting a pathogen between hosts via unwashed hands
What is the chain of Transmission?
- host susceptible to disease
- Pathogen capable of causing the disease
- mode of transmission
What is a requirement for a disease to spread between organisms?
The chain of transmission
what is direct contact?
physical contact between the host and non-infected individual.
what are examples of direct contact?
touching, kissing, sex, biting, bodily fluids, nasal or oral pathways.
examples of direct contact diseases?
HIV/AIDS, Herpes, HPV, Rubella, Ringworm
What is vertical transmission?
between parent and offspring
what is horizontal transmission?
between two individuals that are not parents and offspring.
what is an indirect transmission?
Infection is picked up from an external reservoir from the diseased host
examples of indirect contact?
- catching airborne diseases (inhalation of bacteria, spores, or droplets)
- touching an infected surface
- food and water contamination
- contaminated animal droppings
- surgical or tattoo instruments that aren’t sterilised.
examples of indirect transmission diseases?
measles, E.Coli, toxoplasmosis, Influenza, Legionnaires disease
what is a vector transmission?
an organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a disease or parasite
what are some examples of vectors?
- arthropods: insects, ticks
- mammals: pigs (tapeworm)
- Birds: psittacosis
