M6 topic 2 Mega cities Flashcards
What are mega cities
A city with at least 10 million, within the developing world
Why are there so many people in mega cities
Urbanisation
what push-pull factors are contributing to urbanisation in mega cities (2) (4)
.Push - Famine - War - Landlessness (fragmentation) - Poverty .Pull - Employment opportunities - Bright light syndrome - liveability - education
What is happening in mega cities in the developing world (1 (3))
Over Urbanisation due to :
Rapid population growth
Expansion of Agri-Business (cash cropping
Less manufacturing jobs
what is the effect of over urbanisation in mega cities in the developing world
Growth of the informal sector (70% of all employment eg beggars, prostitutes, shoe polishers.) Less money for the public purse, to improve and create better infrastructure.
what are the characteristics of mega cities (5)
- High Density
- High Risk + vulnerability
- Socio-Economic Disparity
- Poor Governance
- Highly Dynamic
Examples of high Density in mega cities (1)
The slum of Dharavi, area 1 million people in 1 square mile
Examples of High risk & vulnerability in mega cities (2)
- Due to ecological strain, 40% of Jakarta is below sea level, issues of flooding up to 7m
- Pour waste disposal & lack of sanitation 680 million hectares of raw sewage in kolkata
examples of socio-economic disparity in mega cities (1)
Large social division between rich and poor 2% (24 million people) in india are millionaires.
Examples of Poor governance in mega cities (1)
Cairo’s government using trickle down approach by supplying affordable housing too far from CBD.
Examples of Highly dynamic mega cities (2)
- Inadequate transport: 280 cars & 2000 motorbikes registered in jakarta every 24 hours
- Massive infrastructure deficits: 12 day traffic jam for 10 kilometer expressway in China
where are Mega cities generally located
within the tropical band, with majority of them in asia
List examples of Mega cities in Asia (3)
Mumbai
Jakarta
Beijing
List examples of mega cities in Africa (3)
Cairo
Lagos
Nigeria
List examples of mega cities in South America (3)
Mexico City
Rio de Janeiro
São Paulo
what are the main challenges living in megacities (5)
- Wastes (air, water, noise and waste disposal)
- Infrastructure problems
- Shelter (housing problems)
- Health and nutrition problems
- Employment (Joblessness) and Education Problems
- Sewage and sanitation
List an example of a challenge Water and sewage problems
Bangkok, Thailand
Challenge:
-66% of people have access to piped drinking water within the city, 8% of people having piped water outside, 6% from wells and 20% from other sources.
- Overuse of groundwater has led to 1,000 square kilometres of land sinking at a rate of 5-10 cm per year, leading to extensive seasonal flooding.
List an example of a response Water and sewage problems (1 (6))
the government introduced projects provides:
- drainage systems
- storage capacity
- Large-scale dyking
- pumping facilities,
- extension and improvement of the existing canal
- construction of flood barriers
List an example of a challenge and response to Infrastructure problems
Asia
Substantial investments in infrastructure have not been made in the past 15 years by national, regional and local governments, organisations around the world resulting in the quality of life being diminished
List an example of a challenge and response to Infrastructure problems
The Philippines will have its first subway system from Mindanao Avenue in Quezon City to the airport in Pasay City by 2024. In order to decrease congestion on roads.
List an example of a challenge and response to Shelter (housing problems)
Cairo
Manshiyat Naser Slum accounts for 60% of the cities informal housing
List an example of a challenge and response to Shelter (housing problems) (5)
GTZ + Cairo government (NGO & Government)
- Allow slum dwellers to buy underpriced land deed
- Exchange for taking out a bank loan
- Establish small business in slum
- Taxes collected from formal employment
- Add infrastructure
List an example of a challenge and response to Health and nutrition problems
Asia
45 million working children between 10 and 14 years of age in the informal economy, in unhygienic work environment, harassment and abuse from employers, and lack of any protection.
List an example of a challenge and response to Health and nutrition problems (4 (2))
ILO + UNICEF + Anti-Slavery Society + Minority Rights Group
Engaged in the welfare and development of working children. International labour conferences have adopted conventions prohibiting:
- The employment of children under a certain age
- Regulating working conditions in some occupations.
List an example of a challenge and response to Employment (Joblessness) and Education Problems
Kolkata
Kolkata Slum, children often do not have access to education, because tuition is required in all “formal” schools in India. “Non-formal” schools are tuition-free, but graduates do not receive a diploma and be less favored candidates for good jobs, continuing the cycle of poverty.
List an example of a challenge and response to Employment (Joblessness) and Education Problems
Rosalie Giffoniello, co-founder of Empower the Children
-Teaches for free, her educational program, innovative language curriculum, developed in the U.S.A, and teaches teachers the program in order for them to teach independently.
