M6-Topic 1 Part 3; WORLD CIties: Dominance vs dependence, changing role of regional centres, demise of the small town

Question 1

what is dominance

Answer 1

Spatial articulation: The amount of control (authority) over other urban areas.

Question 2

what is dependence

Answer 2

ways in which less influential, urban & rural centres, rely on powerful urban centres

Question 3

what things are smaller urban centres dependent on World cities for (6)

Answer 3

• Material Well Being
• Information
• Goods & services
• Employment opportunity
• Culture
• Income

Question 4

what are the generalizations of growth and decline within urban networks (3)

Answer 4

• Significant growth in population and economic significance: in national centres (ie Sydney)
• General Growth in population and economic significance: in regional centres (ie Dubbo)
• Stagnation or Decline in population and economic significance: in hinterland towns (ie wellington)

Question 5

What factors have contributed to these generalisation of growth and decline within urban networks (7)

Answer 5

• Decline/restructuring of the primary industry
• closure of processing plants for the primary industry
• Economic restructuring
• Rural-Urban migrations (Push and pull factors)
• Drought
• Road diversion and bypasses
• Loss of services due to Technological change

Question 6

List examples of decline/restructuring of primary industry (2)

Answer 6

• Mossman (FNQ) decline in sugar industry due to people becoming more health consciousness
• Eden decline in timber and fishing industry due to changing environmental concerns

Question 7

List examples of closure of processing plants for the primary industry (2)

Answer 7

• Mossman sugar mill (QLD) (Due to the the movement of processing plants to overseas)
• Heinz tuna cannery (NSW (Due to the the movement of processing plants to overseas)

Question 8

List examples of Economic restructuring (1)

Answer 8

Bonds, manufacturing moved to south east asia as it labour cost where significantly cheaper.

Question 9

List examples of push and pull factors that have resulted in Rural-Urban migrations (4)

Answer 9

employment
decline in education
recreation
Mechanisation of farming

Question 10

what is the flow on effect of Drought and how does that lead to decline in small towns (3)

Answer 10

low yield in crop, animals can’t graze → farmers and there family have a lack of money → Leave to fnd work in the city

Question 11

List examples of Road diversion and bypasses (1)

Answer 11

Hume Highway, diverts around goulburn,Yass etc leading to a loss of local income from petrol and takeaway stores.

Question 12

List examples of Loss of services due to Technological change (1)

Answer 12

25% of regional bank branches closed between 1950’s-90’s due to internet banking

Question 13

What countermeasures have been put in place to combat the decline in these small towns

Answer 13

Decentralization, through moving industry out of cities to small urban and rural areas

Question 14

Examples of these countermeasures in action (2)

Answer 14

Maitland: NSW Infringement processing bureau
Newcastle: RTA Call centre