M6-Topic 1 Part 3; WORLD CIties: Dominance vs dependence, changing role of regional centres, demise of the small town Flashcards

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1
Q

what is dominance

A

Spatial articulation: The amount of control (authority) over other urban areas.

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2
Q

what is dependence

A

ways in which less influential, urban & rural centres, rely on powerful urban centres

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3
Q

what things are smaller urban centres dependent on World cities for (6)

A
  • Material Well Being
  • Information
  • Goods & services
  • Employment opportunity
  • Culture
  • Income
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4
Q

what are the generalizations of growth and decline within urban networks (3)

A
  • Significant growth in population and economic significance: in national centres (ie Sydney)
  • General Growth in population and economic significance: in regional centres (ie Dubbo)
  • Stagnation or Decline in population and economic significance: in hinterland towns (ie wellington)
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5
Q

What factors have contributed to these generalisation of growth and decline within urban networks (7)

A
  • Decline/restructuring of the primary industry
  • closure of processing plants for the primary industry
  • Economic restructuring
  • Rural-Urban migrations (Push and pull factors)
  • Drought
  • Road diversion and bypasses
  • Loss of services due to Technological change
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6
Q

List examples of decline/restructuring of primary industry (2)

A
  • Mossman (FNQ) decline in sugar industry due to people becoming more health consciousness
  • Eden decline in timber and fishing industry due to changing environmental concerns
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7
Q

List examples of closure of processing plants for the primary industry (2)

A
  • Mossman sugar mill (QLD) (Due to the the movement of processing plants to overseas)
  • Heinz tuna cannery (NSW (Due to the the movement of processing plants to overseas)
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8
Q

List examples of Economic restructuring (1)

A

Bonds, manufacturing moved to south east asia as it labour cost where significantly cheaper.

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9
Q

List examples of push and pull factors that have resulted in Rural-Urban migrations (4)

A

employment
decline in education
recreation
Mechanisation of farming

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10
Q

what is the flow on effect of Drought and how does that lead to decline in small towns (3)

A

low yield in crop, animals can’t graze → farmers and there family have a lack of money → Leave to fnd work in the city

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11
Q

List examples of Road diversion and bypasses (1)

A

Hume Highway, diverts around goulburn,Yass etc leading to a loss of local income from petrol and takeaway stores.

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12
Q

List examples of Loss of services due to Technological change (1)

A

25% of regional bank branches closed between 1950’s-90’s due to internet banking

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13
Q

What countermeasures have been put in place to combat the decline in these small towns

A

Decentralization, through moving industry out of cities to small urban and rural areas

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14
Q

Examples of these countermeasures in action (2)

A

Maitland: NSW Infringement processing bureau
Newcastle: RTA Call centre

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