M6 - Lesson 3: Central Dogma of Protein Synthesis – Replication, Transcription and Translation Flashcards
The information stored in DNA is used to direct in _____
synthesis of proteins
It’s the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself when a cell divides.
Replication
It’s the ordered synthesis of RNA from DNA; the genetic information stored in DNA is passed onto RNA.
Transcription
It’s the synthesis of protein from RNA the genetic information determined the specific amino acid sequence of the protein.
Translation
The original DNA molecule forms ________________, each of which contains a strand from the parent DNA and one new strand.
two new DNA molecules
forms as the two strands split apart
replication fork
The identity of the bases on the temple strand determines the order of the bases on the new strand.
Replication
TRUE OR FALSE
A must pair with T, and G must pair with C.
True
It’s formed between the 5’-phhosphate of the nucleoside triphosphate and 3’-OH group of the new DNA strand.
new phosphodiester bond
Replication occurs in what direction on the temple strand, from the 3’ end to the 5’ end?
only one direction
What are the two new strand?
leading strand and lagging strand
growing continuously
leading strand
growing in small fragments
lagging strand
What is the monosaccharide in RNA?
Ribose
What is the base that is present in RNA?
the uracil (U)
RNA is a _____, and smaller than DNA.
single strand
What are the three types of RNA molecules?
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) messenger RNA (mRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA)
This provides the site where polypeptides are assembled during protein sysnthesis.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
carries the information from DNA to the ribosome.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
brings specific amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
tRNA is drawn as a __________ , with an acceptor stem at the 3’ end, which carries the needed amino acid, and an anticodon, which identifies the needed amino acid.
cloverleaf shape
It’s synthesis of mRNA from DNA.
Transcription
What are the DNA splits into two strands?
template strand
informational strand
which is used to synthesize RNA
template strand
Transcription proceeds from the ___________ end of the template
3’ end to the 5’
Transcription forms a mRNA with a ____________ to the template DNA strand and an exact sequence as the informational DNA strand.
complementary sequence
What is the difference between mRNA and the information DNA strand base on mRNA?
U replaces T
This is to determine the oder of amino acids in the protein.
mRNA contains the sequence of codons
This are Individual to the peptide chain.
tRNAs bring specific amino acids
This provides the platform on which protein synthesis occurs.
rRNA contains binding sites
mRNA; UCA
codon
tRNA; AGU
anticodon
amino acid; serine
amino acid
What are the three main parts of translation?
initiation, elongation, and termination.
It begins with mRNA binding to the ribosome.
Initiation
The tRNA brings the first amino acid
codon AUG
Proceeds as the next tRNA molecule delivers the next amino acid, and a peptide bond forms between the two amino acids.
Elongation
Translation continues until a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is reached, and the completed protein is released.
termination
