M6 - Lesson 3: Central Dogma of Protein Synthesis – Replication, Transcription and Translation

Question 1

The information stored in DNA is used to direct in _____

Answer 1

synthesis of proteins

Question 2

It’s the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself when a cell divides.

Answer 2

Replication

Question 3

It’s the ordered synthesis of RNA from DNA; the genetic information stored in DNA is passed onto RNA.

Answer 3

Transcription

Question 4

It’s the synthesis of protein from RNA the genetic information determined the specific amino acid sequence of the protein.

Answer 4

Translation

Question 5

The original DNA molecule forms ________________, each of which contains a strand from the parent DNA and one new strand.

Answer 5

two new DNA molecules

Question 6

forms as the two strands split apart

Answer 6

replication fork

Question 7

The identity of the bases on the temple strand determines the order of the bases on the new strand.

Answer 7

Replication

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE

A must pair with T, and G must pair with C.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

It’s formed between the 5’-phhosphate of the nucleoside triphosphate and 3’-OH group of the new DNA strand.

Answer 9

new phosphodiester bond

Question 10

Replication occurs in what direction on the temple strand, from the 3’ end to the 5’ end?

Answer 10

only one direction

Question 11

What are the two new strand?

Answer 11

leading strand and lagging strand

Question 12

growing continuously

Answer 12

leading strand

Question 13

growing in small fragments

Answer 13

lagging strand

Question 14

What is the monosaccharide in RNA?

Answer 14

Ribose

Question 15

What is the base that is present in RNA?

Answer 15

the uracil (U)

Question 16

RNA is a _____, and smaller than DNA.

Answer 16

single strand

Question 17

What are the three types of RNA molecules?

Answer 17

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
messenger RNA (mRNA)
transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 18

This provides the site where polypeptides are assembled during protein sysnthesis.

Answer 18

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 19

carries the information from DNA to the ribosome.

Answer 19

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 20

brings specific amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Answer 20

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 21

tRNA is drawn as a __________ , with an acceptor stem at the 3’ end, which carries the needed amino acid, and an anticodon, which identifies the needed amino acid.

Answer 21

cloverleaf shape

Question 22

It’s synthesis of mRNA from DNA.

Answer 22

Transcription

Question 23

What are the DNA splits into two strands?

Answer 23

template strand

informational strand

Question 24

which is used to synthesize RNA

Answer 24

template strand

Question 25

Transcription proceeds from the ___________ end of the template

Answer 25

3’ end to the 5’

Question 26

Transcription forms a mRNA with a ____________ to the template DNA strand and an exact sequence as the informational DNA strand.

Answer 26

complementary sequence

Question 27

What is the difference between mRNA and the information DNA strand base on mRNA?

Answer 27

U replaces T

Question 28

This is to determine the oder of amino acids in the protein.

Answer 28

mRNA contains the sequence of codons

Question 29

This are Individual to the peptide chain.

Answer 29

tRNAs bring specific amino acids

Question 30

This provides the platform on which protein synthesis occurs.

Answer 30

rRNA contains binding sites

Question 31

mRNA; UCA

Answer 31

codon

Question 32

tRNA; AGU

Answer 32

anticodon

Question 33

amino acid; serine

Answer 33

amino acid

Question 34

What are the three main parts of translation?

Answer 34

initiation, elongation, and termination.

Question 35

It begins with mRNA binding to the ribosome.

Answer 35

Initiation

Question 36

The tRNA brings the first amino acid

Answer 36

codon AUG

Question 37

Proceeds as the next tRNA molecule delivers the next amino acid, and a peptide bond forms between the two amino acids.

Answer 37

Elongation

Question 38

Translation continues until a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is reached, and the completed protein is released.

Answer 38

termination