M5 - Lesson 5: Uses of Enzymes Flashcards
How are enzymes used in Medicine?
- Most enzymes are confined within the cells of the body.
- However, small amounts of them can also be found in body fluids such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid.
- The level of ezyme activity in these fluids can easily be monitored.
This activity can prove extremely useful in Medicine: of particular enzymes in various body fluids signals the onset of certain diseases or their progression.
Abnormal activity (either high or low)
Disease Diagnosed: Hepatitis / Liver & kidney health condition
Normal Acitivity: 3-17 U/L
Enzyme: Alanine aminotransferase (ATP); Old name: Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)
Disease Diagnosed: Prostate Cancer
Normal Acitivity: 2.5-12 U/L
Enzyme: Acid phosphatase
Disease Diagnosed: Liver or bone disease
Normal Acitivity: 13-38 U/L
Enzyme: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Disease Diagnosed: Pancreatic disease
Normal Acitivity: 19-80 U/L
Enzyme: Amylase
Disease Diagnosed: Liver health or Heart attack
Normal Acitivity: 7-19 U/L
Enzyme: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Disease Diagnosed: Liver health or Heart attack (Cerebrospinal fluid)
Normal Acitivity: 7-49 U/L
Enzyme: Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase (SGOT)
Disease Diagnosed: Heart Attack
Normal Acitivity: 100-350 WU/mL
Enzyme: Lactate dehydrogenate (LDH)
Disease Diagnosed: Heart Attack
Normal Acitivity: 7-60 U/L
Enzyme: Creatinine phosphate (CPK)
Disease Diagnosed: Heart Attack
Normal Acitivity: 15-75 U/L
Enzyme: Phosphohexose isomerase
When a heart attack occurs, some heart muscles are _______ and their enymes leak into the blood stream.
damaged/destroyed
Another name for aminotransferase is
transaminase
Two major advantages to manufacturing processes and in commercial products are:
Enzymes:
(1) cause very large increases in reaction rates even at room temperature;
(2) are relatively specific and can be used to target selected reactants.
Disadvantages are:
(1) Relative scarcity
2) Higher cost compared with traditional chemical treatments. (Remedied by genetic engineering
Digestive (Breakdown) Function
Hydrolases
Protease / Proteolytic enzymes
proteins
Lipases
Lipids
Cellulases
cellulose
Amylase
amylose
Lactases
lactose
Pectinase
pectin
What are the 3 Enzymes that used in Food Processing?
Pectinase
Lactase
a-Amylase, Glucosaminase & Gluco Isomerase
The enzyme that can effectively peel an orangedissolves the albedo (the white stringy material).
Pectinase
The enzyme given to people who are lactose-intolerant.
Lactase
The enzymes used to convert cornstarch into high-fructose syrup that is equivalent in sweetness to sucrose.
a-Amylase, Glucosaminase & Gluco Isomerase
What are the 2 Enzymes that used in Technology?
Pectinase
Cellulase
The enzyme used in “scouring” (to remove pectic substance and cotton wax) cotton, more preferable since it operates under milder condition.
Pectinase
used in Denim and Paper
Cellulase
soft appearance to this cotton fabric,
Denim
pumice stones and harsh chemical agents
stonewashing
enzymatic process
biostoning
use cellulases to complete the breakdown of wood chips to paper pulp.
Paper
What are the 4 Enzymes that used in Consumer Goods?
Protease
Lipases
Amylases
Cellulase
Industrial enzymes are used most often as detergent additives.
Consumer Goods
added to digest the most difficult clothing stains such as grass, blood, and sweat which contain proteins.
Protease
team up with soaps to remove greasy stains.
Lipases
often added to digest starchy residues from foods such as rice, oatmeal, chocolate, and mashed potatoes.
Amylases
applied to remove these rough protuberances for a smoother, glossier, and brighter-colored fabric.
Cellulase
What is the Enzyme that used in Medicine?
Proteases
converts plasminogen to plasmin (plasmin is a protease that is capable of breaking apart fibrin molecules, thereby dissolving the clot.)
Proteases
