M5 - Lesson 1: General Characteristic, Structure and Nomenclature of Enzymes Flashcards
Proteins that increase the rate of biological reactions within the cells of the body.
Enzyme
Examples of Enzyme
Salivary amylase, Catalase, and Phenolase (water, cold temp and acidic environment)
Lower the activation energy and increase the rate of reaction.
Biological Catalyst
What is the largest and most highly specialized class of proteins, hence activity is lost if denatured?
Enzyme
A compound which lowers the energy required for a reaction.
Catalyst
Not consumed in the reaction, it can be used over and over again.
Catalyst
Without the enzymes in our _________ tract, it would take us about __ years to digest a single meal.
digestive, 50
Advantage and Disadvantage.
Economical; Fatal to eat again, no pleasure in eating.
It’s the protein part of the enzyme molecule
Apoenzyme
Are additional chemical groups that are required for enzyme activity. It consist of metal ions or complex organic molecules.
Activators
3 Types of Cofactors
Cofactor, Coenzyme, and Prosthetis Group
Inorganic substance that tend to increase the activity of an enzyme (Iron, Zinc). Also known as Metal Ion.
Cofactor
It’s a complex organic molecule other than a protein (thiamine).
Coenzyme
If the activator becomes a permanent part of the enzyme.
Prosthetic Group
It’s the specific area of the enzyme to which the substrate attaches during the reaction. An enzyme molecule can have several of this.
Active Site
It’s the chemical substance or substances on which the enzyme acts.
Substrate
It’s a substance that will make an enzyme less active or render it inactive.
Inhibitor
What are the 5 Important terms of Enzyme?
Apoenzyme Activators Active site Substrate Inhibitor
It’s an active enzyme, which consists of an apoenzyme and one or more factors.
Holoenzyme
It’s an enzyme in its inactive form.
Proenzyme/Zymogen
What enzymes that are often synthesized in an inactive form, transported to the place where activity is desired, and then converted to their active forms?
Digestive Enzymes
What are the enzymes that Inactive and Active Forms of Zymogen?
Pepsinogen (stomach)
Trypsinogen (pancreas)
Prothrombin
What are the enzymes that Inactive and Active Forms of Holoenzyme?
Pepsin
Trypsin
Thrombin
What are the six major classes and their several subcalsses (reactions that they catalyze) ?
Maltase - Maltose Urease - Urea Protease - Proteins Carbohydrates - Carbohydrates Lipases - Lipids Hydrolases - Hydrolysis reactions
Enzymes are now named by adding an ____ ending on the name of the substrate.
-ase
What enzymes that acts on casein?
Rennin
What enzymes that acts or hydrolyze protein?
Pepsin and Trypsin
What enzyme that acts on carbohydrate?
Ptyalin
