M6 - Lesson 1: Types of Nucleic Acid, Nucleotide Building Blocks and Nucleotide Formation Flashcards
Nucleic acids are unbranched polymers composed of repeating monomers called _____.
nucleotides
Two types of nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
store the genetic information of organism and transmits that information from one generation to another.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
translate the genetic information contained in DNA into proteins needed for all cellular function.
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
What are the (3) nucleotide monomers that compose DNA and RNA?
a monosaccharide,
a N-containing base, and
a phosphate group
DNA molecules contain
several million nucleotides,
RNA molecules have
only a few thousand.
In what part of the nucleus that DNA is contained?
chromosomes
How many chromosomes does human have?
46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
it’s the portion of the DNA molecule responsible for the synthesis of a single protein
A gene
In RNA the monosaccharide is the
aldopentose D-ribose.
In DNA, the monosaccharide is
aldopentose D-2-deoxyribose.
The N-containing base is one of 5 types.
Cytosine (C), uracil (U), thymine (T), Adenine (A), and guanine (G)
A parent compound that based on the structure of pyrimidine.
Cytosine (C)
uracil (U)
thymine (T)
A parent compound that based on the structure of purine.
Adenine (A)
guanine (G)
DNA contains bases
A, G, C, and T.
RNA contains bases
A, G, C, and U.
It’s formed by joining the anomeric carbon of the monosaccharide with a N atom of the base.
Nucleoside
What suffix to use when naming a nucleoside derived from a pyrimidine base?
-idine
What suffix to use when naming a nucleoside derived from a purine base?
-osine
What prefix to use for deoxyribonucleosides?
deoxy-
It’s formed by adding a phosphate group to the 5’-OH of a nucleoside.
Nucleotides
What are the results of joining a nucleoside with a phosphate (nucleotides) ?
cytidine 5’-monopahosphate (CMP)
deoxyadenosine 5’-monophospate (dAMP)
What is an example of diphosphate?
adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP)
What is an example of triphosphate?
adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP)
The polymers of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester linkages.
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
Polynucleotide contains a backbone consisting of ___________________________________
alternating sugar and phosphate groups
The identity and order of the bases distinguish one polynucleotide from another.
primary structure
has one free phosphate group at the 5’ end and one free OH group at the 3’ end.
A polynucleotide
In DNA, what carries the genetic information of the organism?
the sequence of the bases
This polynucleotide would be named CATG, reading from the 5’ end to the 3’ end.
Cytosine
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Who initially proposed the DNA model in 1953?
Watson and Crick
DNA consists of two polynucleotide strands that wind into a ___________________________________
right-handed double helix
The two strands run in what direction?
one runs from the 5’ end to 3’ end and other runs from 3’ end to the 5’ end.
opposite directions
The functional group that lie on the outside of the helix and the bases lie on the inside.
sugar-phosphate groups
The bases always line up so that a ______ derivative can hydrogen bond to a _____ derivative on the other strand.
Pyrimidine to Purine
there are always hydrogen bond together in a particular manner.
complementary base pairs
2 hydrogen bonds to form an A-T base pair.
Adenine pairs with thymine
using 3 hydrogen bonds to form a C-G base pair.
Cytosine pairs with guanine
