M6 - Lesson 1: Types of Nucleic Acid, Nucleotide Building Blocks and Nucleotide Formation

Question 1

Nucleic acids are unbranched polymers composed of repeating monomers called _____.

Answer 1

nucleotides

Question 2

Two types of nucleic acids

Answer 2

DNA and RNA

Question 3

store the genetic information of organism and transmits that information from one generation to another.

Answer 3

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 4

translate the genetic information contained in DNA into proteins needed for all cellular function.

Answer 4

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Question 5

What are the (3) nucleotide monomers that compose DNA and RNA?

Answer 5

a monosaccharide,
a N-containing base, and
a phosphate group

Question 6

DNA molecules contain

Answer 6

several million nucleotides,

Question 7

RNA molecules have

Answer 7

only a few thousand.

Question 8

In what part of the nucleus that DNA is contained?

Answer 8

chromosomes

Question 9

How many chromosomes does human have?

Answer 9

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

Question 10

it’s the portion of the DNA molecule responsible for the synthesis of a single protein

Answer 10

A gene

Question 11

In RNA the monosaccharide is the

Answer 11

aldopentose D-ribose.

Question 12

In DNA, the monosaccharide is

Answer 12

aldopentose D-2-deoxyribose.

Question 13

The N-containing base is one of 5 types.

Answer 13

Cytosine (C), 
uracil (U), 
thymine (T),
Adenine (A), and
guanine (G)

Question 14

A parent compound that based on the structure of pyrimidine.

Answer 14

Cytosine (C)
uracil (U)
thymine (T)

Question 15

A parent compound that based on the structure of purine.

Answer 15

Adenine (A)

guanine (G)

Question 16

DNA contains bases

Answer 16

A, G, C, and T.

Question 17

RNA contains bases

Answer 17

A, G, C, and U.

Question 18

It’s formed by joining the anomeric carbon of the monosaccharide with a N atom of the base.

Answer 18

Nucleoside

Question 19

What suffix to use when naming a nucleoside derived from a pyrimidine base?

Answer 19

-idine

Question 20

What suffix to use when naming a nucleoside derived from a purine base?

Answer 20

-osine

Question 21

What prefix to use for deoxyribonucleosides?

Answer 21

deoxy-

Question 22

It’s formed by adding a phosphate group to the 5’-OH of a nucleoside.

Answer 22

Nucleotides

Question 23

What are the results of joining a nucleoside with a phosphate (nucleotides) ?

Answer 23

cytidine 5’-monopahosphate (CMP)

deoxyadenosine 5’-monophospate (dAMP)

Question 24

What is an example of diphosphate?

Answer 24

adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP)

Question 25

What is an example of triphosphate?

Answer 25

adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP)

Question 26

The polymers of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester linkages.

Answer 26

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Question 27

Polynucleotide contains a backbone consisting of ___________________________________

Answer 27

alternating sugar and phosphate groups

Question 28

The identity and order of the bases distinguish one polynucleotide from another.

Answer 28

primary structure

Question 29

has one free phosphate group at the 5’ end and one free OH group at the 3’ end.

Answer 29

A polynucleotide

Question 30

In DNA, what carries the genetic information of the organism?

Answer 30

the sequence of the bases

Question 31

This polynucleotide would be named CATG, reading from the 5’ end to the 3’ end.

Answer 31

Cytosine
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine

Question 32

Who initially proposed the DNA model in 1953?

Answer 32

Watson and Crick

Question 33

DNA consists of two polynucleotide strands that wind into a ___________________________________

Answer 33

right-handed double helix

Question 34

The two strands run in what direction?

one runs from the 5’ end to 3’ end and other runs from 3’ end to the 5’ end.

Answer 34

opposite directions

Question 35

The functional group that lie on the outside of the helix and the bases lie on the inside.

Answer 35

sugar-phosphate groups

Question 36

The bases always line up so that a ______ derivative can hydrogen bond to a _____ derivative on the other strand.

Answer 36

Pyrimidine to Purine

Question 37

there are always hydrogen bond together in a particular manner.

Answer 37

complementary base pairs

Question 38

2 hydrogen bonds to form an A-T base pair.

Answer 38

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 39

using 3 hydrogen bonds to form a C-G base pair.

Answer 39

Cytosine pairs with guanine