M5 - Lesson 4: Factors That Affect Enzyme Activity Flashcards
The rate of an enzymatic reaction increases when the concentration of enzyme is increased.
Enzyme Concentration
An increase in temperature increases enzyme activity up to its optimum temperature.
Temperature
This causes denaturation and loss of catalytic activity.
Higher temperatures
Reaction rate increases temperature until the point at which the protein is _________ and _______________.
denatured and activity drops sharply
Temperature where enzymes reach their greatest activity usually around 37 degree Celsius.
Optimum Temperature
Particularly what system that 40C fever can cause loss of function of critical enzymes, and can result in dysfunction sufficient to cause death.
Central Nervous System
Sterilizing of medical instruments and laundry/autoclave superheated steam.
Example of Optimum Temperature
Enzymes are most active at their optimum pH.
pH
What cause values above or below optimum pH?
denaturation of the enzyme and loss of catalytic activity.
pH at which enzymes are most active
Optimum pH
generally result in complete loss of activity for most enzymes.
Extremely high or low pH value
also a factor in the stability of enzymes.
pH
this will vary greatly from one enzyme to another.
Optimum pH value
Enzyme: Lipase (pancreas)
Optimum pH of 8.0
Enzyme: Lipase (stomach)
Optimum pH of 4.0 - 5.0
Enzyme: Lipase (castor oil)
Optimum pH of 4.7
Enzyme: Pepsin
Optimum pH of 1.5 - 1.6
Enzyme: Trypsin
Optimum pH of 7.8 - 8.7
Enzyme: Urease
Optimum pH of 7.0
Enzyme: Invertase
Optimum pH of 4.5
Enzyme: Maltase
Optimum pH of 6.1 - 6.8
Enzyme: Amylase (pancreas)
Optimum pH of 6.7 - 7.0
Enzyme: Amylase (malt)
Optimum pH of 4.6 - 5.2
Enzyme: Catalase
Optimum pH of 7.0
It increases the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed action until all of the available enzyme has combined with substrate.
Substrate Concentration
Any increase in concentration beyond the optimum will have __________ as there are no extra active sites to be used.
no added effect
Increasing substrate concentration
________ the rate of reaction.
increases
At the optimum concentration of what molecule, that all active sites are full and working at maximum efficiency.
substrate molecules
