M3 Chapter 10 Understanding Individual Behavior

Question 1

Individual behavior is a function of

Answer 1

the person and the environment.

Question 2

Motivation

Answer 2

the process within a person that initiates, guides, and maintains behavior.

Question 3

Ability

Answer 3

the knowledge and skills required to complete a task.

Question 4

Intra-role behaviors

Answer 4

the most basic goal-directed behaviors that individuals engage in to fulfill their contract of employment.

Question 5

Organizational citizenship behaviors

Answer 5

consist of discretionary behaviors that benefit the organization but go beyond what is required or expected in the employee’s formal role.

Question 6

Counterproductive behaviors

Answer 6

voluntary behaviors that may harm the organization by negatively impacting its resources in a way that reduces performance.

Question 7

Personality

Answer 7

relatively stable pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that a person tends to exhibit in various situations and interactions with others.

Question 8

The Big Five factors of personality:

Answer 8

1. Conscientiousness - responsible, dependable, self-disciplined,
2. Agreeableness - good-natured, empathetic, etc.
3. Emotional Stability - calm, enthusiastic, secure
4. Openness to experience - creative, curious, sensitive
5. Extroversion - outgoing, assertive, sociable

Question 9

Perception

Answer 9

the process by which we strive to make sense of the environmental stimuli that inundate us.

Question 10

selective attention

Answer 10

Ignoring or filtering out common stimuli in the environment.

Question 11

Stereotyping

Answer 11

the process of assigning traits to people based on observable characteristics or on their membership in a social category.

Question 12

attribution process

Answer 12

concerned with understanding the cause or causes of behaviors or events.

Question 13

fundamental attribution error

Answer 13

putting too much emphasis on internal factors and too little emphasis on external factors when making attributions about other people’s behaviors.

Question 14

self-serving bias

Answer 14

Attributing personal successes to internal factors but attributing personal failures to external factors.

Question 15

primacy effect

Answer 15

Developing many judgments and opinions about a person based on the initial perceptions of that person.

Question 16

halo effect

Answer 16

Allowing a single perception of a characteristic influence the perceptions of other characteristics.

Question 17

Projection bias

Answer 17

Unconsciously assuming that others share our own thoughts, feelings, values, motivations, and behaviors.

Question 18

Attitudes

Answer 18

consist of the thoughts, emotions, and behavioral intentions towards objects, people, or events.

Question 19

Job satisfaction

Answer 19

an employee’s general attitude toward his or her job.

Question 20

Organizational commitment

Answer 20

an employee’s loyalty to and engagement with the organization.

Question 21

cognitive dissonance

Answer 21

a discrepancy between a behavior and an attitude.

Question 22

Interpersonal stressors

Answer 22

stress from daily interactions with the people with which one associates.

Question 23

Role-related stressors

Answer 23

pressures from an employee’s particular role in the organization.