M2T2 OMM Final Flashcards by Gregory Skedros

A head with an extension dysfunction will have an increased ________ and a decreased ________.

Length, width (Bert head)

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Side-bending and rotation occurs when the sphenoid and occiput move ________ each other on one side. They are named for the ________ side.

Toward, convex (the convex side is the side that is opposite of where the sphenoid and occiput move closer together)

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A head with a flexion dysfunction will have an increased ________ and a decreased ________.

Width, length (Ernie shaped head)

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OMT treatment for acute pharyngitis is ________ oriented.

Lymphatic

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The depressors of the jaw consist of the ________, ________, ________, and ________.

Digastric muscles, lateral pterygoid, geniohyoid, mylohyoid

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“The collection of components when operating in synchrony produce what is the most basic motion which supports and sustains life” describes the ________.

Primary Respiratory Mechanism

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Lateral strains occur about two ________ axes of rotation. They are named for the direction that the ________ moves.

Parallel vertical, basisphenoid

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Strain of the petrosphenoid ligament is associated with dysfunction of the ________.

Extrinsic eye muscles

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In vertical strains, the sphenoid and occiput rotate in the same direction around their own ________ axes.

Transverse

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The majority of TMJD is among ________.

Women

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________ was responsible for discovering the cranial mechanisms and essentially creating cranial OMT.

William Sutherland

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Cranial motion patterns are described around the reference point known as the ________.

Sphenobasilar synchondrosis (SBS)

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The superficial lymphatic drainage of the head and neck drains from the superficial nodes to the ________ nodes.

Deep

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Nasal discharge in a viral upper respiratory infection can be either clear or ________.

Purulent

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The straight sinus is located at the junction of the ________ and the ________. This is the location of the ________.

Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, reciprocal tension membrane

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The ________ ligament is the main passive support for the mandible.

Sphenomandibular

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TMJD is often accompanied by other symptoms. Some of these include ________, ________, ________, ________, ________, and ________.

Headache, tinnitus, ear pain, diminished hearing, dizziness/vertigo, visual disturbances

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Cranial nerves III, IV, VII, IX, and X, the superior cervical ganglion, and T1-T4 are all examples of structures treated utilizing the ________ model of osteopathic care.

Neurological

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The Chapman’s reflex for the ________ is located at the medial 1/3 of the clavicle, superiorly.

Middle ear

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The Eustachian tube, temporal bone, and frontal bone (ethmoid notch) are all examples of structures treated utilizing the ________ model of osteopathic care.

Biomechanical

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During cranial flexion, the occiput rotates about a ________ axis. The basilar part and condyles move _______ and ________ while the squamous portion moves ________ and ________.

Transverse, anteriorly, superiorly, posteriorly, slightly laterally

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In a dysfunctional TMJ, when the jaw is opening and the displaced disc fails to pop back into place, it is called ________.

Anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWOR)

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Nutritional supplementation is an example of a treatment utilizing the ________ model of osteopathic care.

Metabolic-Energy

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What axes and direction of motion are involved in a patient with a lateral SBS strain?

Vertical - same direction

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Similar to lateral strains, vertical strains are named for the direction that the ________ moves. However, the sphenoid and occiput rotate about two ________ axes in the same direction.

Basisphenoid, parallel transverse

Side-bending and rotation are named for the side of the ________.

Convexity

Torsions are named for the greater wing of the sphenoid that is ________.

Superior

The manifestation of the primary respiratory mechanism in the head is called the ________.

Cranial rhythmic impulse

Lateral strains can be felt by the ________ fingers moving left or right.

Little

The physiologic strains are ________, ________, and ________.

Flexion/extension, torsions, side-bending and rotation

Describe what your hands will feel when palpating a patient’s head with a right SBS torsion.

Right index finger will be higher

________ have shorter/horizontal pharyngotympanic tubes and are at increased risk for acute otitis media.

Children

Craniosacral extension causes the sacrum to undergo motion called ________.

Nutation (flexion)

A patient has a hard time opening their mouth. You place your fingers on their chin, open their mouth until it meets the barrier, and ask them to close their mouth against resistance. What technique are you performing?

Muscle energy - PIR

Looking at someone’s skull from behind (posterior view), a right torsion would result in the sphenoid rotating ________ and the occiput rotating ________.

Counterclockwise, clockwise

In side-bending and rotation, the occiput and sphenoid rotate in ________ directions around ________ axes. However, the occiput and sphenoid rotate in the same direction around ________ axes.

Opposite, parallel vertical, A-P

Circulatory stasis of the cerebral vasculature is most likely due to ________.

Venous congestion

In lateral strains, the sphenoid and occiput rotate in the same direction around two parallel ________ axes.

Vertical

In ________, there is no motion at the SBS due to the sphenoid and occiput being pushed together.

Compression

If the cranial rhythmic impulse was compared to a structure of an animal, it would most appropriately be compared to a _________.

Fish’s gills

During cranial flexion, the sphenoid rotates about a ________ axis. The greater wings move ________, ________ and ________.

Transverse, anteriorly, inferiorly, slightly laterally

The diaphragm manipulated utilizing the craniosacral mechanism is the ________.

Tentorium cerebelli

One of the goals of cranial OMT is to treat ________ somatic components.

Facilitated

The parasympathetics of the head and neck travel along cranial nerves ________, ________, ________, and _________.

III, VII, IX, X

In masseter counterstrain, you deviate the jaw ________ the side of the tender point.

Toward

Vertical strains are named according to the position of the basilar process of the ________.

Sphenoid (basisphenoid relative to the basiocciput)

The Chapman’s reflex for the ________ is located adjacent to the manubrium.

Tonsils

One of the causes of TMJD that can be seen in students and office workers is ________.

Upper crossed syndrome

Lateral strains are named for the direction the ________ shifts.

Basisphenoid

About which axis do SBS torsions rotate?

A-P axis

In a SBS torsion strain, the sphenoid and occiput rotate in the same direction.True or False?

False

SBS side-bending and rotation strain involves three axes. One is a vertical axis through the foramen magnum. Another is an A-P axis through the cranial vault. What is the third axis?

A vertical axis through the body of the sphenoid

Craniosacral flexion causes the sacrum to undergo motion called ________.

Counternutation (extension)

The cranial vault hold consists of placing the four fingers in specific locations on each side of the skull. These locations are as follows:Index fingers —> ________Long finger —> ________Ring finger —> ________Little finger —> ________

Greater wing of the sphenoidTemporal bone anterior to earTemporal bone posterior to earOcciput

What axes do the sphenoid and occiput rotate about in vertical strains?

Transverse

When the sphenoid and occiput are forced together, it is called ________.

Compression

The Chapman’s reflex for the ________ is located at the medial 1/3 of the clavicle, inferiorly.

Nasal sinuses

External rotation occurs during ________ of the skull, and internal rotation occurs during ________.

Flexion, extension

The main articulation of the skull is the ________ in which the sphenoid and occiput exhibit flexion and extension and rotate about ________ axes.

Sphenobasilar synchondrosis, transverse

The cranial rhythmic impulse cycles about ________ times per minute.

8-10

During flexion of the SBS, the sphenoid rotates ________ while the occiput rotates ________. The basisphenoid and basiocciput both ________ during flexion.

Anteriorly, posteriorly, elevate

Torsions occur along an ________ axis with the sphenoid and occiput rotation in ________ directions.

A-P, opposite

In medial pterygoid counterstrain, you deviate the jaw ________ from the side of the tender point.

Away

Smoking cessation, allergen avoidance, adequate hydration, and stress relief are focused on in the ________ model of osteopathic care.

Behavioral

The ________ are a common cause of extrinsic obstruction of the pharyngotympanic tube.

Adenoids

________ creates a positive intranasal pressure and may propel infected fluid from the nasal cavity to the paranasal sinuses.

Blowing your nose

The unpaired bones move in ________ and ________ and move within the ________ plane.

Flexion, extension, sagittal

Contraindications to cranial treatment include ________, ________, ________, ________, ________, and ________.

Intracranial hemorrhage, unstable intracranial pressure, age (≤ 6), trauma, seizure, malignancy

When treating an upper respiratory infection with OMT, you should focus on the ________, the ________, and utilize the ________.

Upper thoracic levels/ribs, thoracic inlet, ENT sequence

The cranial base is formed by the sphenoid, the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bones, and the basilar and condylar parts of the occipital bone. They all arise from ________ type bone.

Cartilaginous

Which of the following is a non-physiologic SBS strain?Left torsionRight lateral strainLeft side-bending and rotationFlexionExtension

Right lateral strain

The elevators of the jaw consist of the ________, ________, and ________.

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

During cranial flexion, the temporal bone ________ along an axis along the petrous portion.

Externally rotates

The cranial vault is formed by the frontal bone, parietal bones, and the squamous portions of the occipital and temporal bones. They all arise from ________ type bone.

Membranous

Viral sinusitis usually resolves within ________ days. If this time period is exceeded, you should suspect a ________ infection.

7-10, bacterial

(For the 1 millionth time) the right upper extremity, right thorax, and the right side of the head and neck all drain into the ________ lymphatic duct.

Right

Sympathetic activation in the nose results in ________ and ________.

Vasoconstriction, increased airway patency

Similar to the circulation of lymphatics in the body being promoted by muscle contraction, the flow of CSF in the cranium is promoted by the ________.

Craniosacral mechanism

During cranial flexion, the parietal bones move ________.

Laterally

How is side-bending and rotation SBS strain pattern named?

For the side of the convexity

The four unpaired midline bones are the ________, ________, ________, and ________.

Occiput, sphenoid, ethmoid, vomer

Both lower extremities, the pelvic basin, abdomen, left thorax, left upper extremity, and left side of the head and neck all drain into the ________ duct.

Thoracic (left lymphatic)

The deep drainage of the head and neck drains to the upper nodes via the ________ node.

Jugulodigastric

Relative contraindications for the mandibular drainage technique (Galbreath technique) are ________, ________ and ________.

TMJ disorder, mandibular abnormalities, trauma

The pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube, auditory tube) is housed within the ________ bone.

Temporal

A parallelogram shaped head in an infant refers to a ________ strain.

Lateral

In a dysfunctional TMJ, when the jaw is opening and the displaced disc pops back into place, it is called ________.

Anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR)

The principle aim of treatment is to establish ________.

Free and uninhibited physiologic motion

The paired bones move in ________ and ________.

External rotation, internal rotation

The TMJ is a ________ joint with ________ and ________ mechanics.

Bi-condylar, hinge, gliding

Strain of the dural extension is associated with ________.

Circulatory obstruction

Non-physiologic dysfunctions are typically associated with ________.

Trauma

In a superior vertical strain, the head will ________. This corresponds to a ________ sphenoid.

Look down, flexed

Otitis media is most often caused by a ________ and is usually self-limited.

Virus

Middle ear effusion, thoracic ducts, rib excursion, and the diaphragm are all examples of conditions/structures treated utilizing the ________ model of osteopathic care.

Respiratory-Circulatory

Five components contribute to palpable “cranial rhythmic impulse” (CRI). They are:1) ________2) ________3) ________4) ________5) ________

1) inherent mobility of the brain and spinal cord2) fluctuation of the CSF3) motility of intracranial and intraspinal meninges4) Articular mobility of the cranial bones5) Involuntary mobility of the sacrum between the iliaSimplified:1) the brain and spinal cord can move2) CSF flows3) the meninges can move4) the cranial bones can move5) the sacrum can move

Relative contraindications for the anterior/posterior cervical chain technique are ________, ________, and ________.

Carotid disease, painful swollen nodes, bradyarrythmias

In lateral strains, both the sphenoid and occiput rotate about their vertical axes in the ________ direction.

Same

Parasympathetic ganglia and what they supply:Ciliary —> ________Pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) —> ________Submandibular —> ________Otic —> ________

EyeLacrimal and palatine glandsSubmandibular and sublingual glandsParotid gland

The sympathetics for the head and neck arise from ________ and are responsible for _________ secretions.

T1-T4, thickening

Torsions refer to twisting at the ________ about an ________ axis. They are named based on which greater wing of the sphenoid is ________.

SBS, anterior-posterior, superior