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OMM Final Exam > M1T2 OMM Final > Flashcards

M1T2 OMM Final Flashcards

1
Q

“Wind up” refers to viscerosomatic reflexes demonstrating ________.

A

Summation

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2
Q

At what level does nociception become conscious perception of pain?

A

Thalamocortical

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3
Q

In what part of the SOAP note do you add OMT? How do you add it?

A

ObjectiveUnder “MSK”

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4
Q

You should incorporate the ________ for OMT within the regular note.

A

Assessment and plan

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5
Q

What techniques are good for suboccipital/cervical areas?

A

MFRSoft tissueCounterstrain

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6
Q

The plan of the SOAP note contains ________.

A

How you are handling the assessment

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7
Q

________ events can cause facilitation which predisposes the individual to misinterpretation of the innocuous stimuli.

A

Traumatic or painful

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8
Q

In biotensegrity, the ________ are homologous to the tension elements.

A

Muscles, tendons, ligaments, and fascia

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9
Q

The ________ theory proposes trauma causing tissue injury at the microscopic and biochemical levels which results in edema and a reduction of local nutrients. The tissue injury and neurochemical response causes localized neuronal sensitization or a tender point.

A

Sustained abnormal metabolism theory

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10
Q

The ________ model focuses on sympathetic innervation of the immune system and focuses on stressors.

A

Neurological-autonomic

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11
Q

What CS techniques could you use for upper-mid back/periscapular pain? What is the associated anatomy?

A

PT4-9 (SP or TP): trapezius, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, spinotransversalis, transversospinalis

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12
Q

The ________ is where transition for sensation to perception occurs.

A

Cerebral cortical pain matrix

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13
Q

Viscerosomatic and somatoviscero reflexes occur due to overlap of ________ in the dorsal horn.

A

Primary afferent nociceptor fibers

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14
Q

For lymphatic techniques, what should you do and in what order?

A

1) open pathways (fascial techniques)2) redome diaphragms3) augment pumps4) local lymph drainage

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15
Q

How mechanical forces and tensions are transmitted through tissue and extracellular matrix is known as ________.

A

Mechanotransduction

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16
Q

The ________ reflex bypasses the muscle spindles.

A

H

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17
Q

Activated glial cells release ________ and other substances that increase spinal facilitation and hyperalgesia.

A

Pro-inflammatory cytokines

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18
Q

Counterstrain OMT is able to reduce the activity of a hyperactive muscle by disrupting the ________.

A

Pain-spasm-pain cycle

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19
Q

In regard to treatment with OMT, what should be treated first?

A

Facilitated segments (“autonomics, lymphatics, biomechanics”)

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20
Q

Identify tender points using your ________.

A

Finger pads

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21
Q

The ________ reflex involves Ia afferent neurons and a homonymous α-motor neuron (M-wave).

A

Short-latency

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22
Q

The first paper published on counterstrain was in ________ and the first textbook was in ________.

A

1964, 1980

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23
Q

________ interneuron projections are confined to a specific segment where the cell body is located.

A

Local circuit

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24
Q

The ________ functions with the cortex in perception of pain and emotions.

A

Thalamus

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25
Q

What are common choke points for the lymphatic system?

A

Thoracic inletRespiratory diaphragm Pelvic diaphragmPopliteal fossae

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26
Q

The ________ tracts terminate in the nuclei of the brainstem and midbrain and may play a role in modulating pain.

A

Spinoreticular

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27
Q

Forces that impact the body with residual effects result in ________.

A

Injury

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28
Q

The assessment portion of the SOAP note contains ________.

A

Your summary of diagonsis

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29
Q

Firing of the ________ causes the contractile portion of intrafusal fibers to increase tension. This results in the ________ to fire and causes the ________ to fire in response which results in extrafusal muscle fiber contraction.

A

Gamma motor neurons, sensory afferent neurons, α motor neurons

30
Q

The ________ receives projections from the cerebral cortex and brainstem. It has a key role in forming memories associated with fear.

A

Amygdala

31
Q

The central region of intrafusal fibers are ________ and are innervated by ________.

A

Non-contractile, primary and secondary afferent sensory receptors

32
Q

The ________ model focuses on diet, vitamins, hormones, and exercise and their role in immune function.

A

Metabolic-hormonal

33
Q

Counterstrain was originally called ________.

A

Spontaneous release by positioning (Jone’s Technique)

34
Q

What are the three proposed mechanisms for the development of tender points and the efficacy of counterstrain technique?

A

1) proprioceptive theory2) sustained abnormal metabolism theory 3) impaired ligamentous-muscular reflex theory

35
Q

The periphery of the central region of intrafusal fibers are ________ and are innervated by ________.

A

Contractile, gamma motor efferent neurons

36
Q

A motor evoked potential study showed that HVLA had a substantial reduction in the ________.

A

Short latency stretch reflex

37
Q

________ is a chronic state of disordered homeostasis that allows survival fo the organism at the expense of its well-being.

A

Allostasis

38
Q

________ pathways from the brain modulate input by either suppressing or enhancing our sensitivity to pain.

A

Descending

39
Q

The ________ model focuses on lymphatics and fascia and the roles they have in healing and immune function.

A

Respiratory-circulatory

40
Q

Central sensitization leading to altered dorsal horn activity will also alter activity in the ________.

A

Ventral horn

41
Q

What technique covers autonomics and biomechanics, and arguably lymphatics?

A

Rib raising

42
Q

Considering the chief complaint, reasons for admission of an inpatient, or comorbidities are all good ways to find relevant ________.

A

Somatic dysfunction

43
Q

OMT is able to down-regulate the excitability of muscle spindles or other sites of the ________ pathway.

A

Ia reflex

44
Q

The ________ model is interconnected with all other models and considers facilitated segments, diaphragm function, vascular flow, mechanotransduction, etc.

A

Postural-biomechanical

45
Q

What CS techniques could you use to treat acute lower back pain? What is the associated anatomy?

A

Psoas: psoas major, genitofemoral nerveIliacus: iliacus AL2: Lat fem cu nervePL5-UP: multifidus, iliolumbar ligamentPL5-LP: sacroiliac ligament, erector spinaePiriformis: piriformis, sciatic nerve QL: quadratus lumborum, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve

46
Q

In general for both outpatients and inpatients, be sure to include OMT in both ________ under “MSK” (OSE) and ________ parts of the SOAP note.

A

Objective, assessment/plan

47
Q

When stimulated, ________ inhibit firing of their agonist muscle and stimulate firing of the antagonist group.

A

Golgi tendon organs

48
Q

The ROS is contained under what part of the SOAP?

A

Subjective

49
Q

Prolonged exposure to a stimulus can lead to ________ that outlasts the stimulus.

A

Central sensitization

50
Q

What structures does the endocannabinoid system affect?

A

Spinal cordCerebellumCerebral cortexAmygdalaHippocampus Hypothalamus Basal ganglia

51
Q

________ cells are responsible for sending axons up ascending tracts and project into the brainstem and thalamus.

A

Projection

52
Q

What CS techniques could you use for acute neck pain? What is the associated anatomy?

A

AC4: longus colli, longus capitus, anterior scaleneAC7: clavicular head of SCMAC8: sternal head of SCM

53
Q

In biotensegrity, the ________ are homologous to the discontinuous compression resistant struts.

A

Bones

54
Q

The ________ system is part of the body’s inherent complex self-regulatory homeostatic system.

A

Endocannabinoid

55
Q

What types of OMT would be effective for immune enhancement?

A

Thoracic pumpLymphatic pumpThoracic inlet release Pectoral tractionEffleurageSpencer Splenic and hepatic pumps

56
Q

Sensitization and secondary hyperalgesia likely contributes to ________.

A

Tender points

57
Q

A study on the Achilles’ tendon suggested that counterstrain OMT reduced the excitability of ________, thereby decreasing nociceptive activity.

A

γ-motor neurons

58
Q

________ are able to register changes in muscle length.

A

Intrafusal fibers

59
Q

In post-lymphatic treatment of pediatric patients, a ________ may occur.

A

Fever

60
Q

Nitric oxide has ________ effects.

A

Vasodilatory

61
Q

A ________ can be defined as a palpable area of swelling of fascia, muscle, connective tissue, and nerve fibers.

A

Tender point

62
Q

The ________ model focuses on psychoneuroimmunology and physiology of pain and stress.

A

Behavioral-biopsychosocial

63
Q

What CS techniques could you use for a suboccipital headache? What is the associated anatomy?

A

PC1 (inion): trapezius, semispinalis, rectus capitis posterior minorPC1 (occiput): splenius capitis, obliqus capitis superioris, rectus capitis posterior majorPC2 (occiput): semispinalis, trapezius, rectus capitis posterior major/minorPC3 (midline): trapezius, semispinalis, greater occipital nerve, 3rd occipital nerve

64
Q

The ________ theory proposes that a localized strain of a ligament reflexively inhibits muscular contractions that would increase the strain and stimulates muscular contractions that would reduce it.

A

Impaired ligamento-muscular reflex

65
Q

The ________ is a nociceptive system from primary afferents through the cerebral cortex.

A

Pain matrix

66
Q

One of the main ways OMT acts to disrupt the pain-spasm-pain cycle is by attenuating ________ input and reducing the sensitivity of ________ to stretch.

A

Nociceptive, muscle spindle fibers

67
Q

________ neuron fibers remain in the spinal cord but their axons may either ascend to connect multiple levels or remain within a single segment.

A

Propriospinal

68
Q

Which bone is an example of a tensegrity structure composed of prestressed and triangulated components?

A

Femur

69
Q

What technique is good for big joints or for increasing length of muscles in extremeties?

A

Muscle energy

70
Q

Among the peptides that are involved in the composition of linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC), ________ is an example of tensegrity on a small scale.

A

Lamin

71
Q

The ________ theory suggests altered motor neuron activity, which maintains opposing muscle contractions resulting in a tender point.

A

Proprioceptive

OMM Final Exam (12 decks)

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