M1T2 OMM Final

Question 1

“Wind up” refers to viscerosomatic reflexes demonstrating ________.

Answer 1

Summation

Question 2

At what level does nociception become conscious perception of pain?

Answer 2

Thalamocortical

Question 3

In what part of the SOAP note do you add OMT? How do you add it?

Answer 3

ObjectiveUnder “MSK”

Question 4

You should incorporate the ________ for OMT within the regular note.

Answer 4

Assessment and plan

Question 5

What techniques are good for suboccipital/cervical areas?

Answer 5

MFRSoft tissueCounterstrain

Question 6

The plan of the SOAP note contains ________.

Answer 6

How you are handling the assessment

Question 7

________ events can cause facilitation which predisposes the individual to misinterpretation of the innocuous stimuli.

Answer 7

Traumatic or painful

Question 8

In biotensegrity, the ________ are homologous to the tension elements.

Answer 8

Muscles, tendons, ligaments, and fascia

Question 9

The ________ theory proposes trauma causing tissue injury at the microscopic and biochemical levels which results in edema and a reduction of local nutrients. The tissue injury and neurochemical response causes localized neuronal sensitization or a tender point.

Answer 9

Sustained abnormal metabolism theory

Question 10

The ________ model focuses on sympathetic innervation of the immune system and focuses on stressors.

Answer 10

Neurological-autonomic

Question 11

What CS techniques could you use for upper-mid back/periscapular pain? What is the associated anatomy?

Answer 11

PT4-9 (SP or TP): trapezius, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, spinotransversalis, transversospinalis

Question 12

The ________ is where transition for sensation to perception occurs.

Answer 12

Cerebral cortical pain matrix

Question 13

Viscerosomatic and somatoviscero reflexes occur due to overlap of ________ in the dorsal horn.

Answer 13

Primary afferent nociceptor fibers

Question 14

For lymphatic techniques, what should you do and in what order?

Answer 14

1) open pathways (fascial techniques)2) redome diaphragms3) augment pumps4) local lymph drainage

Question 15

How mechanical forces and tensions are transmitted through tissue and extracellular matrix is known as ________.

Answer 15

Mechanotransduction

Question 16

The ________ reflex bypasses the muscle spindles.

Answer 16

H

Question 17

Activated glial cells release ________ and other substances that increase spinal facilitation and hyperalgesia.

Answer 17

Pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 18

Counterstrain OMT is able to reduce the activity of a hyperactive muscle by disrupting the ________.

Answer 18

Pain-spasm-pain cycle

Question 19

In regard to treatment with OMT, what should be treated first?

Answer 19

Facilitated segments (“autonomics, lymphatics, biomechanics”)

Question 20

Identify tender points using your ________.

Answer 20

Finger pads

Question 21

The ________ reflex involves Ia afferent neurons and a homonymous α-motor neuron (M-wave).

Answer 21

Short-latency

Question 22

The first paper published on counterstrain was in ________ and the first textbook was in ________.

Answer 22

1964, 1980

Question 23

________ interneuron projections are confined to a specific segment where the cell body is located.

Answer 23

Local circuit

Question 24

The ________ functions with the cortex in perception of pain and emotions.

Answer 24

Thalamus

Question 25

What are common choke points for the lymphatic system?

Answer 25

Thoracic inletRespiratory diaphragm Pelvic diaphragmPopliteal fossae

Question 26

The ________ tracts terminate in the nuclei of the brainstem and midbrain and may play a role in modulating pain.

Answer 26

Spinoreticular

Question 27

Forces that impact the body with residual effects result in ________.

Answer 27

Injury

Question 28

The assessment portion of the SOAP note contains ________.

Answer 28

Your summary of diagonsis

Question 29

Firing of the ________ causes the contractile portion of intrafusal fibers to increase tension. This results in the ________ to fire and causes the ________ to fire in response which results in extrafusal muscle fiber contraction.

Answer 29

Gamma motor neurons, sensory afferent neurons, α motor neurons

Question 30

The ________ receives projections from the cerebral cortex and brainstem. It has a key role in forming memories associated with fear.

Answer 30

Amygdala

Question 31

The central region of intrafusal fibers are ________ and are innervated by ________.

Answer 31

Non-contractile, primary and secondary afferent sensory receptors

Question 32

The ________ model focuses on diet, vitamins, hormones, and exercise and their role in immune function.

Answer 32

Metabolic-hormonal

Question 33

Counterstrain was originally called ________.

Answer 33

Spontaneous release by positioning (Jone’s Technique)

Question 34

What are the three proposed mechanisms for the development of tender points and the efficacy of counterstrain technique?

Answer 34

1) proprioceptive theory2) sustained abnormal metabolism theory 3) impaired ligamentous-muscular reflex theory

Question 35

The periphery of the central region of intrafusal fibers are ________ and are innervated by ________.

Answer 35

Contractile, gamma motor efferent neurons

Question 36

A motor evoked potential study showed that HVLA had a substantial reduction in the ________.

Answer 36

Short latency stretch reflex

Question 37

________ is a chronic state of disordered homeostasis that allows survival fo the organism at the expense of its well-being.

Answer 37

Allostasis

Question 38

________ pathways from the brain modulate input by either suppressing or enhancing our sensitivity to pain.

Answer 38

Descending

Question 39

The ________ model focuses on lymphatics and fascia and the roles they have in healing and immune function.

Answer 39

Respiratory-circulatory

Question 40

Central sensitization leading to altered dorsal horn activity will also alter activity in the ________.

Answer 40

Ventral horn

Question 41

What technique covers autonomics and biomechanics, and arguably lymphatics?

Answer 41

Rib raising

Question 42

Considering the chief complaint, reasons for admission of an inpatient, or comorbidities are all good ways to find relevant ________.

Answer 42

Somatic dysfunction

Question 43

OMT is able to down-regulate the excitability of muscle spindles or other sites of the ________ pathway.

Answer 43

Ia reflex

Question 44

The ________ model is interconnected with all other models and considers facilitated segments, diaphragm function, vascular flow, mechanotransduction, etc.

Answer 44

Postural-biomechanical

Question 45

What CS techniques could you use to treat acute lower back pain? What is the associated anatomy?

Answer 45

Psoas: psoas major, genitofemoral nerveIliacus: iliacus AL2: Lat fem cu nervePL5-UP: multifidus, iliolumbar ligamentPL5-LP: sacroiliac ligament, erector spinaePiriformis: piriformis, sciatic nerve QL: quadratus lumborum, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve

Question 46

In general for both outpatients and inpatients, be sure to include OMT in both ________ under “MSK” (OSE) and ________ parts of the SOAP note.

Answer 46

Objective, assessment/plan

Question 47

When stimulated, ________ inhibit firing of their agonist muscle and stimulate firing of the antagonist group.

Answer 47

Golgi tendon organs

Question 48

The ROS is contained under what part of the SOAP?

Answer 48

Subjective

Question 49

Prolonged exposure to a stimulus can lead to ________ that outlasts the stimulus.

Answer 49

Central sensitization

Question 50

What structures does the endocannabinoid system affect?

Answer 50

Spinal cordCerebellumCerebral cortexAmygdalaHippocampus Hypothalamus Basal ganglia

Question 51

________ cells are responsible for sending axons up ascending tracts and project into the brainstem and thalamus.

Answer 51

Projection

Question 52

What CS techniques could you use for acute neck pain? What is the associated anatomy?

Answer 52

AC4: longus colli, longus capitus, anterior scaleneAC7: clavicular head of SCMAC8: sternal head of SCM

Question 53

In biotensegrity, the ________ are homologous to the discontinuous compression resistant struts.

Answer 53

Bones

Question 54

The ________ system is part of the body’s inherent complex self-regulatory homeostatic system.

Answer 54

Endocannabinoid

Question 55

What types of OMT would be effective for immune enhancement?

Answer 55

Thoracic pumpLymphatic pumpThoracic inlet release Pectoral tractionEffleurageSpencer Splenic and hepatic pumps

Question 56

Sensitization and secondary hyperalgesia likely contributes to ________.

Answer 56

Tender points

Question 57

A study on the Achilles’ tendon suggested that counterstrain OMT reduced the excitability of ________, thereby decreasing nociceptive activity.

Answer 57

γ-motor neurons

Question 58

________ are able to register changes in muscle length.

Answer 58

Intrafusal fibers

Question 59

In post-lymphatic treatment of pediatric patients, a ________ may occur.

Answer 59

Fever

Question 60

Nitric oxide has ________ effects.

Answer 60

Vasodilatory

Question 61

A ________ can be defined as a palpable area of swelling of fascia, muscle, connective tissue, and nerve fibers.

Answer 61

Tender point

Question 62

The ________ model focuses on psychoneuroimmunology and physiology of pain and stress.

Answer 62

Behavioral-biopsychosocial

Question 63

What CS techniques could you use for a suboccipital headache? What is the associated anatomy?

Answer 63

PC1 (inion): trapezius, semispinalis, rectus capitis posterior minorPC1 (occiput): splenius capitis, obliqus capitis superioris, rectus capitis posterior majorPC2 (occiput): semispinalis, trapezius, rectus capitis posterior major/minorPC3 (midline): trapezius, semispinalis, greater occipital nerve, 3rd occipital nerve

Question 64

The ________ theory proposes that a localized strain of a ligament reflexively inhibits muscular contractions that would increase the strain and stimulates muscular contractions that would reduce it.

Answer 64

Impaired ligamento-muscular reflex

Question 65

The ________ is a nociceptive system from primary afferents through the cerebral cortex.

Answer 65

Pain matrix

Question 66

One of the main ways OMT acts to disrupt the pain-spasm-pain cycle is by attenuating ________ input and reducing the sensitivity of ________ to stretch.

Answer 66

Nociceptive, muscle spindle fibers

Question 67

________ neuron fibers remain in the spinal cord but their axons may either ascend to connect multiple levels or remain within a single segment.

Answer 67

Propriospinal

Question 68

Which bone is an example of a tensegrity structure composed of prestressed and triangulated components?

Answer 68

Femur

Question 69

What technique is good for big joints or for increasing length of muscles in extremeties?

Answer 69

Muscle energy

Question 70

Among the peptides that are involved in the composition of linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC), ________ is an example of tensegrity on a small scale.

Answer 70

Lamin

Question 71

The ________ theory suggests altered motor neuron activity, which maintains opposing muscle contractions resulting in a tender point.

Answer 71

Proprioceptive