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OMM Final Exam > M1T1 OMM Final > Flashcards

M1T1 OMM Final Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral artery sclerosis, herniated disc, congenital abnormalities, and spinal rheumatoid arthritis (C1-C2) are all ________ to HVLA.

A

Contraindications

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2
Q

Vertebral extension is described as movement about a ________ axis.

A

Transverse

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3
Q

________ summation is when one neuron receives input from multiple neurons in order for the threshold to be reached.

A

Spatial

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4
Q

The prostate is innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)

A

T12-L2

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5
Q

What are the current five models of osteopathic care?

A

StructuralRespiratory-Circulatory MetabolicNeurologicBehaviroal

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6
Q

The high velocity portion of HVLA is truly an ________.

A

Acceleration

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7
Q

The goal of this model is to restore optimal biomechanics and mobilization of joints.

A

Structural

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8
Q

Resetting gamma gain or golgi tendon body stimulation describe the physiological basis for _______.

A

PIR

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9
Q

________ occurs when both alpha and beta receptors are triggered.

A

Intestinal relaxation

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10
Q

The ________ tract is responsible for rapid delivery of noxious impulse, sharp, well localized, warn of progressive injury.

A

Neospinothalamic

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11
Q

Vasodilation, cardioacceleration, uterine relaxation, bronchodilation, bladder wall relaxation, and glycogenolysis all occur when ________ receptors are triggered.

A

Beta

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12
Q

The first principle of thoracolumbar motion typically applies to ________ and usually involves imbalances in ________ or ________ muscles.

A

Multiple segments, large, postural

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13
Q

What are the major effects of MET?

A

Relaxation and stretching of spastic or inelastic myofascial elements Increasing trophic aspects of weak musclesDirectly moving restricted joints

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14
Q

In a sympathetic response, salivary α amylase ________.

A

Increases

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15
Q

________ is an indication for HVLA.

A

Restricted joint motion (articular somatic dysfunction)

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16
Q

Rotation will become more _________ when the spine is flexed or extended into the barrier.

A

Asymmetric

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17
Q

The goal of ________ is to produce improved body physiology using the patient’s voluntary respiratory motion.

A

Respiratory assistance

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18
Q

The _______ segment of the spinal column guides and limits the direction of intervertebral motion.

A

Posterior

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19
Q

What technique did T.J. Ruddy develop?

A

(Rapid) resistive duction

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20
Q

________ contraction is a basic principle that is applied to joint restriction techniques.

A

Concentric

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21
Q

A type II dysfunction usually only affects a _________.

A

Single vertebral unit

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22
Q

Of the two sub-classifications, which is more dangerous?

A

Long-levered (more force generated)

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23
Q

What are some of the uses of muscle energy?

A

Mobilize jointsStretch tight muscles and fasciaImprove local circulationBalance neuromuscular relationships to alter muscle tone

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24
Q

What are the directions for effective HVLA?

A

Sensitivity, specificity, thrust

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25
Q

What specific structures determine what motions a vertebra will be able to perform?

A

Planes of facets, ligaments, muscles, size/health of discs, congenital and acquired abnormalities

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26
Q

Vasoconstriction, iris dilation, intestinal sphincter contraction, pilomotor contraction, and bladder sphincter contraction all occur when ________ receptors are triggered.

A

Alpha

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27
Q

What is the main site for lymphatic drainage that is often manipulated?

A

Superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet/outlet)

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28
Q

What spinal levels supply sympathetic innervation to foregut structures?

A

T5-T9 (greater splanchnic nerves)

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29
Q

Spinal levels of T1-T4 (via the cervical ganglion) supply sympathetic innervation to what structures?

A

Head, neck, heart

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30
Q

Fryette received his medical training at _______.

A

Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine

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31
Q

________ is recognized as the original developer of muscle energy technique.

A

Fred Mitchell, Sr.

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32
Q

The lower ureters are innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)

A

T12-L1

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33
Q

The uterus and cervix are innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)

A

T10-L2

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34
Q

The lower extremities are innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)

A

T11-L2

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35
Q

The upper ureters are innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)

A

T10-T11

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36
Q

Nociceptors are free nerve endings that are not ________.

A

Encapsulated

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37
Q

The goal of this model is to attain autonomic balance and address neural activity, remove facilitated segments, decrease afferent nerve signals, and relieve pain.

A

Neurologic

38
Q

When diagnosed, somatic dysfunctions are named based on the direction of ________.

A

Freedom of motion (ease)

39
Q

The ________ principle of spinal mechanics states that initiating motion of a vertebral segment in any plane of motion will modify the other planes of motion as well.

A

Third

40
Q

Spinal levels of T1-T6 provide sympathetic innervation to the ________.

A

Heart and lungs

41
Q

In type I mechanics, the vertebrae will rotate into the side of the ________.

A

Convexity

42
Q

The goal of ________ is to accomplish restoration of joint motion in an articular dysfunction.

A

Joint mobilization using muscle force

43
Q

What are two examples where the parasympathetic nervous system does NOT perform an opposite function of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

1)Sympathetic: constricts most blood vesselsParasympathetic: little effect on blood vessels 2)Sympathetic: increases basal metabolic rateParasympathetic: no effect on basal metabolic rate

44
Q

Where does lumbar radiculitis usually occur?

A

L5, S1

45
Q

What are the major levels that innervate the psoas major?

A

L1, L2

46
Q

The appendix is innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)

A

T12

47
Q

What is Dr. Nicholas’ formula for HVLA?

A

W=mad

48
Q

The goal of this model is to improve all of the diaphragm restrictions in the body.

A

Respiratory-Circulatory

49
Q

________ contraction is used for the treatment of fibrotic or chronically shortened myofascial tissues.

A

Eccentric

50
Q

The idea that thoracic and lumbar spine motion is coupled was first formalized by ________ in ________.

A

Harrison H. Freyette, 1918

51
Q

The upper extremities are innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)

A

T2-T6

52
Q

________ sensory neurons are large and myelinated and are responsible for sharp and localized pain.

A

Aδ-fast

53
Q

The goal of this model is to improve the biological, psychological, and social components of the health spectrum.

A

Behavioral

54
Q

What are the steps in the MET treatment sequence? (6 steps)

A

1) Position the part to be treated at the feathers edge (in all 3 planes)2) Contract in a direction against the physicians counterforce (for 3-5 sec)3) Have patient relax4) Pause for 1-2 seconds and take patient to new feathers edge5) Repeat steps 1-4, 3-5 times6) Re-evaluate TART

55
Q

When describing vertebral motion, what is the point of reference?

A

Superior anterior surface of the vertebral body (relative to structures below)

56
Q

Absence of somatic dysfunction or lack of patient consent/cooperation are ________ for muscle energy technique.

A

Absolute contraindications

57
Q

What are three principles for success in HVLA?

A

Joint gappingLocalization Balance and control

58
Q

Direct action, thrust, mobilization with impulse, and high acceleration/low distance are ________ of HVLA.

A

Synonyms

59
Q

Muscle energy is classically described as a ________ technique.

A

Direct

60
Q

HVLA is a ________ technique.

A

Direct

61
Q

What can an eccentric contraction also be called?

A

Isolytic

62
Q

Articular restrictions/asymmetry and myofascial elastic changes are two common etiologies for ________ somatic dysfunction.

A

Structural

63
Q

The goal of this model is to enhance the self-regulatory and self-healing mechanisms.

A

Metabolic

64
Q

The classic muscle energy style is ________ and is used for ________ conditions.

A

Post isometric relaxation, subacute/chronic

65
Q

The spine ________ the spinal cord and serves as a structure of ________.

A

Protects, support

66
Q

In type II mechanics, the vertebrae will rotate into the side of the _______.

A

Concavity

67
Q

Where do the lymphatics of the heart and lungs drain?

A

Right lymphatic duct

68
Q

The adrenal medulla is innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)

A

T10

69
Q

________ motion is described in non-pathological terms of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd principles of thoracolumbar spine motion mechanics.

A

Physiologic

70
Q

What are the nine diaphragms?

A

Popliteal, plantar, thoracic, pelvic, thoracic outlet, occipitoatlantal, tentorium cerebelli

71
Q

Visceral pain is mainly transmitted by ________.

A

C fibers

72
Q

Unlike PIR and RI, joint mobilization requires ________ muscle contraction.

A

Maximal

73
Q

Vertebral flexion is described as movement about a ________ axis.

A

Transverse

74
Q

The ________ tract is responsible for achey, poorly localized, limbic interaction = long term motivational and emotional dimensions of pain.

A

Paleospinothalamic

75
Q

Returning a restricted joint to its normally functioning range of motion is one of the main uses of ________.

A

HVLA

76
Q

What is reciprocal inhibition primarily used for? Is it direct or indirect?

A

Acute problems. Direct

77
Q

Vertebral sidebending is described as movement about an ________ axis

A

Anterior-posterior

78
Q

How many segments does a type I dysfunction usually involve?

A

Multiple

79
Q

The kidneys are innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)

A

T10-T11

80
Q

The bladder is innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)

A

T11-L2

81
Q

Two adjacent vertebrae with all associated structures is known as a ________.

A

Vertebral unit

82
Q

Following type I mechanics, rotation will be greatest at the ________ of a curve.

A

Apex

83
Q

In type II mechanics, the transverse process will project posteriorly on the side of the ________.

A

Concavity

84
Q

What spinal levels supply sympathetic innervation to midgut structures?

A

T10-T11 (lesser splanchnic nerves)

85
Q

________ summation is when one neuron receives multiple impulses from a single neuron, and the build up of these action potentials allows for the threshold to be reached.

A

Temporal

86
Q

What causes the “pop” in a joint?

A

N2, O2, and CO2 being released from suspensionCapsule is stretched causing a vacuum release**

87
Q

Performing HVLA to an ease/free direction is an ________.

A

Absolute contraindication

88
Q

Vertebral rotation is described as movement about the ________ axis.

A

Vertical

89
Q

The two sub-classifications of HVLA are ________ and ________.

A

Long-levered, short-levered

90
Q

Where do renal viscerosomatic reflexes occur?

A

T9-L1

91
Q

What spinal levels supply sympathetic innervation to hindgut structures?

A

T12 (least splanchnic nerves)

92
Q

________ sensory neurons are small and unmyelinated and responsible for dull and achy pain.

A

C-slow

OMM Final Exam (12 decks)

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