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OMM Final Exam > M1T1 OMM Final > Flashcards

M1T1 OMM Final Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral artery sclerosis, herniated disc, congenital abnormalities, and spinal rheumatoid arthritis (C1-C2) are all ________ to HVLA.

A

Contraindications

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2
Q

Vertebral extension is described as movement about a ________ axis.

A

Transverse

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3
Q

________ summation is when one neuron receives input from multiple neurons in order for the threshold to be reached.

A

Spatial

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4
Q

The prostate is innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)

A

T12-L2

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5
Q

What are the current five models of osteopathic care?

A

StructuralRespiratory-Circulatory MetabolicNeurologicBehaviroal

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6
Q

The high velocity portion of HVLA is truly an ________.

A

Acceleration

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7
Q

The goal of this model is to restore optimal biomechanics and mobilization of joints.

A

Structural

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8
Q

Resetting gamma gain or golgi tendon body stimulation describe the physiological basis for _______.

A

PIR

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9
Q

________ occurs when both alpha and beta receptors are triggered.

A

Intestinal relaxation

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10
Q

The ________ tract is responsible for rapid delivery of noxious impulse, sharp, well localized, warn of progressive injury.

A

Neospinothalamic

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11
Q

Vasodilation, cardioacceleration, uterine relaxation, bronchodilation, bladder wall relaxation, and glycogenolysis all occur when ________ receptors are triggered.

A

Beta

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12
Q

The first principle of thoracolumbar motion typically applies to ________ and usually involves imbalances in ________ or ________ muscles.

A

Multiple segments, large, postural

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13
Q

What are the major effects of MET?

A

Relaxation and stretching of spastic or inelastic myofascial elements Increasing trophic aspects of weak musclesDirectly moving restricted joints

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14
Q

In a sympathetic response, salivary α amylase ________.

A

Increases

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15
Q

________ is an indication for HVLA.

A

Restricted joint motion (articular somatic dysfunction)

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16
Q

Rotation will become more _________ when the spine is flexed or extended into the barrier.

A

Asymmetric

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17
Q

The goal of ________ is to produce improved body physiology using the patient’s voluntary respiratory motion.

A

Respiratory assistance

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18
Q

The _______ segment of the spinal column guides and limits the direction of intervertebral motion.

A

Posterior

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19
Q

What technique did T.J. Ruddy develop?

A

(Rapid) resistive duction

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20
Q

________ contraction is a basic principle that is applied to joint restriction techniques.

A

Concentric

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21
Q

A type II dysfunction usually only affects a _________.

A

Single vertebral unit

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22
Q

Of the two sub-classifications, which is more dangerous?

A

Long-levered (more force generated)

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23
Q

What are some of the uses of muscle energy?

A

Mobilize jointsStretch tight muscles and fasciaImprove local circulationBalance neuromuscular relationships to alter muscle tone

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24
Q

What are the directions for effective HVLA?

A

Sensitivity, specificity, thrust

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25
What specific structures determine what motions a vertebra will be able to perform?
Planes of facets, ligaments, muscles, size/health of discs, congenital and acquired abnormalities
26
Vasoconstriction, iris dilation, intestinal sphincter contraction, pilomotor contraction, and bladder sphincter contraction all occur when ________ receptors are triggered.
Alpha
27
What is the main site for lymphatic drainage that is often manipulated?
Superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet/outlet)
28
What spinal levels supply sympathetic innervation to foregut structures?
T5-T9 (greater splanchnic nerves)
29
Spinal levels of T1-T4 (via the cervical ganglion) supply sympathetic innervation to what structures?
Head, neck, heart
30
Fryette received his medical training at _______.
Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine
31
________ is recognized as the original developer of muscle energy technique.
Fred Mitchell, Sr.
32
The lower ureters are innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)
T12-L1
33
The uterus and cervix are innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)
T10-L2
34
The lower extremities are innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)
T11-L2
35
The upper ureters are innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)
T10-T11
36
Nociceptors are free nerve endings that are not ________.
Encapsulated
37
The goal of this model is to attain autonomic balance and address neural activity, remove facilitated segments, decrease afferent nerve signals, and relieve pain.
Neurologic
38
When diagnosed, somatic dysfunctions are named based on the direction of ________.
Freedom of motion (ease)
39
The ________ principle of spinal mechanics states that initiating motion of a vertebral segment in any plane of motion will modify the other planes of motion as well.
Third
40
Spinal levels of T1-T6 provide sympathetic innervation to the ________.
Heart and lungs
41
In type I mechanics, the vertebrae will rotate into the side of the ________.
Convexity
42
The goal of ________ is to accomplish restoration of joint motion in an articular dysfunction.
Joint mobilization using muscle force
43
What are two examples where the parasympathetic nervous system does NOT perform an opposite function of the sympathetic nervous system?
1)Sympathetic: constricts most blood vesselsParasympathetic: little effect on blood vessels 2)Sympathetic: increases basal metabolic rateParasympathetic: no effect on basal metabolic rate
44
Where does lumbar radiculitis usually occur?
L5, S1
45
What are the major levels that innervate the psoas major?
L1, L2
46
The appendix is innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)
T12
47
What is Dr. Nicholas’ formula for HVLA?
W=mad
48
The goal of this model is to improve all of the diaphragm restrictions in the body.
Respiratory-Circulatory
49
________ contraction is used for the treatment of fibrotic or chronically shortened myofascial tissues.
Eccentric
50
The idea that thoracic and lumbar spine motion is coupled was first formalized by ________ in ________.
Harrison H. Freyette, 1918
51
The upper extremities are innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)
T2-T6
52
________ sensory neurons are large and myelinated and are responsible for sharp and localized pain.
Aδ-fast
53
The goal of this model is to improve the biological, psychological, and social components of the health spectrum.
Behavioral
54
What are the steps in the MET treatment sequence? (6 steps)
1) Position the part to be treated at the feathers edge (in all 3 planes)2) Contract in a direction against the physicians counterforce (for 3-5 sec)3) Have patient relax4) Pause for 1-2 seconds and take patient to new feathers edge5) Repeat steps 1-4, 3-5 times6) Re-evaluate TART
55
When describing vertebral motion, what is the point of reference?
Superior anterior surface of the vertebral body (relative to structures below)
56
Absence of somatic dysfunction or lack of patient consent/cooperation are ________ for muscle energy technique.
Absolute contraindications
57
What are three principles for success in HVLA?
Joint gappingLocalization Balance and control
58
Direct action, thrust, mobilization with impulse, and high acceleration/low distance are ________ of HVLA.
Synonyms
59
Muscle energy is classically described as a ________ technique.
Direct
60
HVLA is a ________ technique.
Direct
61
What can an eccentric contraction also be called?
Isolytic
62
Articular restrictions/asymmetry and myofascial elastic changes are two common etiologies for ________ somatic dysfunction.
Structural
63
The goal of this model is to enhance the self-regulatory and self-healing mechanisms.
Metabolic
64
The classic muscle energy style is ________ and is used for ________ conditions.
Post isometric relaxation, subacute/chronic
65
The spine ________ the spinal cord and serves as a structure of ________.
Protects, support
66
In type II mechanics, the vertebrae will rotate into the side of the _______.
Concavity
67
Where do the lymphatics of the heart and lungs drain?
Right lymphatic duct
68
The adrenal medulla is innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)
T10
69
________ motion is described in non-pathological terms of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd principles of thoracolumbar spine motion mechanics.
Physiologic
70
What are the nine diaphragms?
Popliteal, plantar, thoracic, pelvic, thoracic outlet, occipitoatlantal, tentorium cerebelli
71
Visceral pain is mainly transmitted by ________.
C fibers
72
Unlike PIR and RI, joint mobilization requires ________ muscle contraction.
Maximal
73
Vertebral flexion is described as movement about a ________ axis.
Transverse
74
The ________ tract is responsible for achey, poorly localized, limbic interaction = long term motivational and emotional dimensions of pain.
Paleospinothalamic
75
Returning a restricted joint to its normally functioning range of motion is one of the main uses of ________.
HVLA
76
What is reciprocal inhibition primarily used for? Is it direct or indirect?
Acute problems. Direct
77
Vertebral sidebending is described as movement about an ________ axis
Anterior-posterior
78
How many segments does a type I dysfunction usually involve?
Multiple
79
The kidneys are innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)
T10-T11
80
The bladder is innervated by what spinal cord level(s)? (sympathetics)
T11-L2
81
Two adjacent vertebrae with all associated structures is known as a ________.
Vertebral unit
82
Following type I mechanics, rotation will be greatest at the ________ of a curve.
Apex
83
In type II mechanics, the transverse process will project posteriorly on the side of the ________.
Concavity
84
What spinal levels supply sympathetic innervation to midgut structures?
T10-T11 (lesser splanchnic nerves)
85
________ summation is when one neuron receives multiple impulses from a single neuron, and the build up of these action potentials allows for the threshold to be reached.
Temporal
86
What causes the “pop” in a joint?
N2, O2, and CO2 being released from suspensionCapsule is stretched causing a vacuum release**
87
Performing HVLA to an ease/free direction is an ________.
Absolute contraindication
88
Vertebral rotation is described as movement about the ________ axis.
Vertical
89
The two sub-classifications of HVLA are ________ and ________.
Long-levered, short-levered
90
Where do renal viscerosomatic reflexes occur?
T9-L1
91
What spinal levels supply sympathetic innervation to hindgut structures?
T12 (least splanchnic nerves)
92
________ sensory neurons are small and unmyelinated and responsible for dull and achy pain.
C-slow

OMM Final Exam (12 decks)

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