M2T1 OMM Midterm Flashcards
There is a herniation of the meninges through the defect in ________ and herniation of the meninges and nerve roots through the defect in ________. These are both types of spina bifida ________.
Meningocele, meningomyelocele, aperta
Which ligament is responsible for creating the lesser and greater sciatic foramen?
Sacrospinous
The posterior Chapman’s point for the ovaries is ________.
Between T9/T10 and T10/T11 transverse processes
A distal stone in the ureter can produce pain in the ________ region.
Inguinal
One sexual dimorphism of the pelvis is that ________ have a shorter, wider sacrum that curves posteriorly.
Women
The annulus fibrosus is innervated by the ________ nerve.
Sinuvertebral
The most common type of spondylolisthesis is ________.
Isthmic
What are the potentially serious conditions that you want to rule out in someone with low back pain?
Fracture, tumor, infection, cauda equina syndrome
A failure of bone to form is called ________.
Aplasia
The anterior Chapman’s point for the prostate is located on the ________.
Right lateral thigh
The anterior Chapman’s point for the esophagus is the ________.The posterior Chapman’s point for the esophagus is ________.
2nd rib spaceBetween the spinous process and transverse process of T2
The term for arthritis of the spine is ________.
Spondylosis
Anomalies of the lumbar spine are the ________ most common anomaly.
Third
Treatment for spondylolisthesis is usually ________.
Conservative
Similar to spondylolisthesis, transitional segment treatment is ________.
Conservative
Sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of the prostate can be found at ________.
T10-L2
This type of pelvis can be problematic with certain positions of fetal head engagement.
Anthropoid
What is the diagnosis for a patient with a positive left prone pelvic test, left superior ASIS, and right superior PSIS?
Left posterior innominate rotation
Back pain associated with ________ does not affect trunk mobility.
Prostatitis
Which muscles are responsible for keeping the urogenital hiatus closed?
Lavatory ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis)
Pelvic rotation aids in ambulation by ________.
Increasing leg reach
A positive standing flexion test on the right and a negative seated flexion test on the right tells you ________ about rotation.
Nothing
Greater muscle damage has been linked to which type of muscle contraction?
Eccentric
Sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes from GERD will present at ________ (lower esophagus) or ________ (stomach).
T5-T6, T10
Rocking the sacral base, mobilization of the respiratory and pelvic diaphragms, indirect treatments, and HVLA can all be used to treat ________.
Dysmenorrhea
Sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of the ovaries and testes are found at ________.
T10-T11
The anterior Chapman’s point for the uterus is at the ________.
Junction of the ramus of the pubes and ischium
The posterior Chapman’s points for the kidney is ________.
Midway between the spinous and transverse processes of T12 and L1
The posterior Chapman’s point for the uterus is ________.
Between the spinous process of L5 and the PSIS
Parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of the proximal ureter are found at ________.
Occiput, C1, C2
Lack of ________ in the diet can lead to neural tube defects.
Folate
What are the most common causes of low back pain?
Age related degenerative disc diseaseDegenerative facetsMuscle, tendon, fascial, and ligament injuries
A standing flexion test that is positive on the fight and a seated flexion test that is negative on the right identifies a ________ dysfunction.
Iliosacral
The ________ measures the mobility of the kidney by measuring the distance traveled by the right superior renal pole from the right diaphragmatic crus.
Kidney mobility score (KMS)
Mechanical low back pain is best treated by early ________ and ________.
Mobilization, physiotherapy
If a patient does not like to extend, you should be thinking of potential ________.
Degenerative disc disease
Sympathetic innervation of the thoracic esophagus is from ________ and abdominal esophagus is from ________.
T3-T5, T5-T8
Sympathetic innervation of the descending colon is from ________ on the ________.
L1-L3, left
Straightening up from a bent position can generate up to ________ pounds of force in the lumbosacral region.
500
The ________ nerve provides innervation to the external genitalia, sphincters of the bladder and rectum, and pelvic floor muscles.
Pudendal
________ is a symptom that should make you suspicious of cancer.
Night pain (unrelieved by change of position)
Impairment of a nerve root usually causing neurological symptoms related to that nerve root level is called ________.
Radiculopathy
A fracture in the pars interarticularis is known as a ________.
Spondylolysis
Sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes for the appendix are found at ________ on the ________ side.
T9-T12, right
Sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes for the ureters can be found at ________.
T11-L3
What types of OMT are good for acute low back pain?
Myofascial release, muscle energy, and counterstrain
The ASIS compression test helps to ________ a somatic dysfunction and the side of restriction is designated as a ________ test.
Lateralize, positive
Parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of the prostate are found at ________.
S2-S4
A thin elongated pars interarticularis that is prone to fracture is seen in ________ spondylolisthesis.
Dysplastic/congenital
Sympathetic innervation of the pancreas is from ________ and is typically ________.
T5-T9, bilateral (tends to be more right sided)
What are the three accessory ligaments of the pelvis?
SacrospinousSacrotuberousIliolumbar
The descending aorta receives its sympathetic innervation from the ________, ________, and ________ ganglia.
Celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric
This type of pelvis is ideal for birth.
Gynecoid
Weight bearing, weight transfer, point of attachment, and a vessel of protection are all functions of what?
The pelvis
Sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes for the kidneys can be found at ________.
T9-L1
Abnormal growth of bone is called ________.
Dysplasia
When a anomaly is ________, it involves a single vertebra.
Localized
Transitional segments can either occur as ________ or ________.
Sacralization, lumbarization
An open kinetic chain is one in which the terminal joint is ________.
Free
In cholecystitis, if the diaphragm is agitated, you could see referred pain in the right shoulder via the ________ nerve coming from _______ spinal levels.
Phrenic, C3-C5
Bending forward from a ________ position may be more stressful to the discs than bending forward from a ________ position.
Seated, standing
Facet tropism can be seen on x-ray as an absence of the ________.
Zygopophyseal joint
________ represents a stress fracture or anomalous development of the pars interarticularis.
Spondylolysis
In irritable bowel syndrome, sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes for the small intestine would be found at ________ and for the large intestine would be found at ________.
T8-T11, T10-L3
After a certain point in hip flexion, the lower pole becomes engaged and causes the sacral base to ________.
Extend
Sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes or the bladder and urethra can be found at ________.
T11-L3
During right heel strike, the right innominate rotates ________.
Anteriorly
What is the diagnosis for a patient with a positive right pelvic compression test, right inferior ASIS, and right superior PSIS?
Right anterior innominate rotation
The area formed by the dimples at the PSIS, lines formed by the gluteal muscles, and the groove at the lower end of the spine is known as the ________.
Rhomboid of Michaelis
________ is usually due to stress or fatigue fractures of the pars interarticularis of the named vertebrae.
Spondylolisthesis
An example of arrested development is ________.
Spina bifida
Sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of the uterus are found at ________.
T9-L2 (bilaterally)
Parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of the uterus are found at ________.
S2-S4
Nociceptive fibers innervate the annulus fibrosus in its ________ fibers.
Outer
A loss of bowel and bladder control and numbness in the groin, associated with weakness in the lower extremities is known as ________.
Cauda equina syndrome
The piriformis and the ________ have been found to have fascia that is continuous.
Biceps femoris
Low back pain is the ________ most common symptom-related reason for visits to primary care physicians.
Second
Pyelonephritis usually presents with ________ flank pain, as compared with ureterolithiasis.
Bilateral
The tendency for facets to change or turn is called ________.
Facet tropism
The anterior Chapman’s point for the ascending colon is the ________ on the ________.The posterior Chapman’s point for the ascending colon is from the ________ to the ________.
IT band (lateral thigh), rightTransverse processes of L2-L4, iliac crest
During hip flexion, which portion of the sacroiliac articulation allows for the sacral base to also flex?
Upper pole
The thoracic aorta receives its sympathetic innervation from ________.
T1-T5
Prostatitis can radiate to the ________ and ________.
Perineum, penis
Parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of the kidney are found at ________.
Occiput, C1, C2
________ is characterized by anomalous enlargement of the transverse process(es) of the most caudal vertebra.
Bertolotti’s syndrome
Sympathetic innervation of the ascending and proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon are at ________ on the ________ and ________, respectively.
T10-L1, right, bilaterally
As grading of spondylolisthesis goes from 1-4, the degree of slippage ________.
Increases
OMM treatment for spondylolisthesis is usually ________ oriented.
Myofascially
In one study, there was a significant ________ in patients with non-specific low back pain compared to asymptomatic controls.
Decrease
In a standing flexion test, the dysfunctional side is the side in which the PSIS ________.
Travels
The anterior Chapman’s point for the liver is the ________ on the ________.The posterior Chapman’s point for the liver is ________ on the ________.
5th and 6th rib space, rightBetween the transverse processes of T5 and T6, and T6 and T7, right
A failure of bone to grow to normal size is called ________.
Hypoplasia
What are the sympathetic levels for the kidneys, gonads, upper ureter, and adrenal glands?
T10-T11
Overgrowth of bone is called ________.
Hypertrophy
The pubic symphysis can be sheared ________ and is the most common type of shear.
Vertically (superior shear)
Parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of the distal ureter are found at ________.
S2-S4
The anterior, posterior, and interosseous sacroiliac ligaments are all ________ ligaments of the pelvis.
True
Facilitation of the paraspinal musculature preceding and with the onset of menstruation is likely due to ________.
Dysmenorrhea
The ________ pelvis contains the pelvic and lower abdominal organs.
Lesser or true
Susceptible populations for spondylolisthesis consist of ________, ________, and ________.
Gymnasts, dancers, paratroopers
________ defects are the second most prevalent congenital anomaly worldwide.
Neural tube
________ variables are stronger predictors of long-term disability than anatomical findings found on imaging studies.
Psychosocial
The posterior Chapman’s point for the prostate is located ________.
Between the spinous process of L5 and the PSIS
What is the diagnosis for a patient with a positive right standing flexion test, right superior ASIS, and right superior PSIS?
Right superior sheared innominate
Esophageal spasm can have sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes from ________ on the ________ side.
T5-T10, right
The innominates rotate anteriorly and posteriorly around the ________ axis of the sacrum.
Inferior transverse
A closed kinetic chain is one in which the terminal joint meets ________.
Restriction
This type of pelvis is responsible for the most birthing difficulties.
Android
Innominate and pubic shears are known as ________ innominate somatic dysfunction.
Non-physiologic
Sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes for the gallbladder and liver are found at ________ on the ________.
T5-T10, right
If a somatic dysfunction is treated a number of times but keeps returning, it could be due to an underlying ________ pathology.
Visceral
Having extra vertebrae or fingers is called ________.
Supernumerary parts
An incomplete fusion or malformation of the bone and neural structures of the spine region by errors in the closure of the neural tube is known as ________.
Spinal dysraphism
What is the diagnosis for a patient with a positive right standing flexion test, right superior ASIS, and right inferior PSIS?
Right posterior innominate rotation
Parity, vaginal delivery, age, and increased BMI are all risk factors for ________.
Prolapse
Why is the thoracolumbar junction commonly overlooked for spinal disorders?
It refers pain to areas lower than the actual junction
The anterior Chapman’s point for the stomach is the ________ on the ________.The posterior Chapman’s point for the stomach is ________ on the ________.
5th and 6th rib space, leftBetween the transverse processes of T5 and T6, and T6 and T7, right
During right toe-off, the right innominate rotates ________.
Posteriorly
Peripheral diaphragm inflammation can lead to referred pain in the ________ below the ________.
Back, inferior angle of the scapula
A local, segmental, or generalized narrowing of the vertebral canal by bone or soft tissue is called ________.
Spinal stenosis
Anterior displacement of L5 is usually due to a ________.
Spondylolisthesis
An anterior displacement of a vertebra on the one beneath it is called a ________.
Spondylolisthesis
The anterior Chapman’s point for the ovaries is at the ________.
Superior aspect of the junction of the pubes
This type of pelvis causes the head to engage later.
Platypelloid
Pain in ureterolithiasis typically begins at the ________ junction.
Thoracolumbar
Gastric sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes will be found at ________ on the ________ side.
T5-T10, left
A symptom that helps elucidate mechanical low back pain is ________.
Pain a rest
________ is the most common congenital abnormality of the spine.
Spina bifida
Anterior and posterior rotations of the innominate are known as ________ innominate somatic dysfunctions.
Physiologic
In spina bifida ________, there is no herniation of the meninges through the defect.
Occulta
Parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of the bladder and urethra are found at ________.
S2-S4
The UGI pattern that is classically seen is composed of what?
C2 leftT3-T6 right (esophagus)T5-T10 left (stomach)T6-T8 right (duodenum)
If a patient is standing very erect and does not like to flex at the hips due to shooting pain, you should be thinking of a potential ________.
Disc pathology
Parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of the ovaries and testes are found at ________.
Occiput, C1, C2
A combination of several successively arranged joints consisting of a complex motor unit is known as a ________.
Kinetic chain
Schmorl’s nodes represent herniation of the ________ into the adjacent end plate.
Nucleus pulposus
The anterior Chapman’s point for the gallbladder is the ________ on the ________.The posterior Chapman’s point for the gallbladder is ________ on the ________.
6th rib space, rightBetween the transverse processes of T6 and T7, right
