Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio Questions. > M2. U2. RF. > Flashcards

M2. U2. RF. Flashcards

Animal nutrition

1
Q

a round ball of chewed food that is pushed in the direction of the oesophagus during swallowing

A

food bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

functions of the pancreas

A
  • secretes pancreatic juice and enzymes
  • secretes insulin and glucagon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

8

A

ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2

A

longitudinal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stomach structure.

A
  • sickle shaped organ below diaphragm
  • thick, muscular wall
  • opening to oes. closed with cardiac sphincter
  • opening to small intest. closed with pyloric sphincter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

process in nutrition when food is taken in and enters the alimentary canal

A

ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

process in nutrition when the end products of nutrition are absorbed into the bloodstream

A

absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

12

A

anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Absorption of water

A
  • passive transport (osmosis)
  • capillaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

jejunum

A

middle part of small intest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the structures on the tongue that ensure that it can function as a taste organ

A

taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

structures in the small intestine mainly responsible for the absorption of nutrients

A

Villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the harmful effect of excess alcohol on The Unborn foetus

A

foetal alcohol syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

group of enzymes involved in the chemical digestion of proteins

A

proteases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

group of enzymes involved in the chemical digestion of carbohydrates

A

carbohydrases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body

A

homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the three parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

end product of protein digestion

A

amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carnivore volume of food intake?

A

Low. Meat is high in protein and fat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a metabolic disease characterised by high glucose levels in the blood

A

diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Duodenum

A
  • 1st part of small intest.
  • connected to gall bladder, pancreatic duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

process in nutrition when undigested remains are removed from the body

A

Egestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the group of animals that feed only on animal material

A

carnivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

4

A

common bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

the three parts of the large intestine

A

Caecum colon rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

a diet which contains all the necessary nutrients in the correct quantities

A

balanced diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

cells in the pancreas which secrete insulin and glucagon

A

Islets of Langerhans ( alpha and beta cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

exocrine gland

A

excreted through ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Pharynx function.

A

passage for food and air from the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

group of enzymes involved in the chemical digestion of fats

A

lipases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Stomach functions.

A
  • muscles churn food to crush and mix with gastric juices
  • glands secrete gastric juices
  • food becomes chime
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

chemical digestion of fats

A
  • pancreas, small intest.
  • pancreatic and intestinal juices
  • becomes glycerol, fatty acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Chemical digestion of carbs

A
  • carbohydrases
  • mouth, pancreas, small intest.
  • saliva, pancreatic and intestinal juice
  • becomes glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

9

A

appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

5

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

11

A

rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Carnivore teeth adaptations.

A
  • incissors - sharp to bite
  • canines - long. strong. pierce.kill. tear.
  • pre / molars - sharp edges (cusps) to cut
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

medication used to treat diabetes

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

2

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

nutrients mainly responsible for growth and repair of damaged tissues

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

3

A

circular muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

chemical digestion of protein

A
  • proteases
  • tummy, pancreases
  • becomes amino acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscles in the Wall of the alimentary canal that helps move the food particles forward

A

peristaltic movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Homeostatic control of blood glucose levels

A
  • HUSH
    *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Three parts of the small intestine

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Absorption of glucose

A
  • active transport
  • blood capillaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

active and passive transport

A

against and down the concentration gradient respectively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

functions of the liver

A
  • produce bile
  • glucose converted to glycogen
  • excess glucose becomes fat
  • deamination: breaks down A. acids to form urea and glucose
  • neutralises toxins
  • stores vitamins
  • prevents blood clotting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Herbivore alimentary canal structure.

A
  • no true stomach
  • long intestinal tract
  • continuous eating
  • long digestive system to digest cellulose
  • large caecum ; holds cellulose-digesting bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

glucagon

A

hormone - increase blood glucose concen.

53
Q

Absorption of minerals

A
  • active and passive transport
  • capillaries
54
Q

Structure of a villus

A
  • surrounded by columnar epithelial cells
  • these hold goblet cells which secrete mucous
  • microvilli
  • in centre - the lacteal: a capillary lymph vessel
  • arteriole brings blood to villus; forms cap. network around lacteal
  • caps leave villus as a venule
55
Q

7

A

liver

56
Q

exocrine glands which released their secretion into the mouth cavity

A

salivary glands

57
Q

type 2 diabetes

A
  • insulin resistance
  • result of obesity, inactivity, age
  • treat with no fatness, exercise, medication/insulin
58
Q

glands which release their secretions into the bloodstream from where it is transported to Target organs

A

endocrine glands

59
Q

10

A

colon

60
Q

Structure of the Mouth / mouth cavity.

A
  • upper opening of the A canal
  • surrounded by lips
  • inside - mouth cavity
  • lined with mucous membrane
  • hard and soft palates
  • uvula closes nasal cavity when swallowing
  • tongue, teeth, salivary glands
61
Q

Carnivore alimentary canal structure

A
  • large true stomach
  • short intestinal tract -can’t digest plants
  • sporadic feeding
  • small functionless caecum
62
Q

the part of the soft palate which closes the opening to the nasal cavity when swallowing

A

uvula

63
Q

Accessory organs:

A
  • tongue
  • salivary organs
  • pancreas
  • liver
  • gall bladder
64
Q

the sphincter that closes the opening between the stomach and the small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

65
Q

Absorption of amino acids

A
  • active transport
  • blood capillaries
66
Q

1

A

stomach

67
Q

The alimentary canal contains the:

A
  • mouth
  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • small and large intestines
  • anus
68
Q

Oesophagus structure.

A
  • hollow, muscular tube
  • from pharynx to stomach
  • behind trachea
69
Q

end products of fat digestion

A

glycerol and fatty acids

70
Q

diabetes Type 1

A
  • lack of insulin producing cells
  • treat with diet, insulin injections, regular testing
71
Q

nutrients which play a role in the regulation of processes in the body

A

vitamins water and mineral salts

72
Q

hormone responsible for decreasing the glucose concentration in the blood

A

insulin

73
Q

omnivore alimentary canal structure

A
  • true stomach
  • short intestinal tracts
  • regular eating
  • reduced caecum - appendix
  • plants - slow digestion
  • protein - fast digestion
  • cellulose - fibre
74
Q

a condition where a person suffers from malnutrition and eats excessively

A

over nutrition

75
Q

Absorption of Glycerol and fatty acids

A
  • passive transport
  • lacteals
76
Q

processing nutrition when food is changed from insoluble to soluble substances

A

digestion

77
Q

6

A

pancreas

78
Q

4

A

stomach

79
Q

parts of the colon

A
  • caecum - small structure at connection to small intest.
  • colon - largest part of large intest.
  • rectum - muscular. opens to anus
80
Q

function of mouth cavity.

A
  • receives food
  • mechanical digestion
81
Q

Herbivore teeth adaptations.

A
  • incisors - sharp to cut
  • canines - absent
  • pre / molars - large and flat to grind
82
Q

a psychological condition with regular periods of overeating followed by self induced vomiting

A

bulimia

83
Q

symptoms of diabetes

A
  • fatigue
  • frequent urination
  • hunger
  • weight loss
  • blurred vision
84
Q

Human dental formula.

A

2123/2123 (ICPM)

85
Q

the sphincter that closes the opening between the oesophagus and the stomach

A

cardiac sphincter

86
Q

3

A

gall bladder

87
Q

3

A

pancreatic duct

88
Q

a condition where a person suffers from malnutrition and does not eat sufficient nutrients

A

undernutrition

89
Q

1

A

oesophagus

90
Q

1

A

serosa

91
Q

process of chemical digestion during which insoluble molecules are broken down into soluble molecules by the addition of water

A

hydrolysis

92
Q

4

A

submucosa

93
Q

5

A

mucosa

94
Q

hormone responsible to increase the glucose concentration in the blood

A

glucagon

95
Q

glycogen

A

a carb - storage form of glucose in animals

96
Q

muscular sac between the lobes of the liver which stores and releases bile

A

gallbladder

97
Q

6

A

villus

98
Q

blood vessel which transports absorbed nutrients to the liver

A

hepatic portal vein

99
Q

a form of malnutrition due to a lack of protein in the diet

A

kwashiorkor

100
Q

millions of finger like projections occurring on the mucosa of the wall of the small intestine

A

Villi

101
Q

human dental formula

A

2123/2123

102
Q

a psychological eating disorder where the person refuses to eat all the food is available

A

anorexia nervosa

103
Q

2

A

pancreas

104
Q

form in which glucose is stored in animals

A

glycogen

105
Q

columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucus

A

goblet cells

106
Q

Oesophagus function

A

pushes food with persistaltic movement

107
Q

7

A

jejunum

108
Q

endocrine glands

A

excrete directly into blood

109
Q

Absorption of vitamins

A
  • passive and active
  • blood capillaries
110
Q

The four layers of the small intestine wall.

A
  • serous membrane
  • muscle layer (longitudinal and circular)
  • submucosa - blood vessels, nerves, glands
  • mucosa - inner layer, many folds, villi
111
Q

ileum

A
  • last, longest part of small intest.
  • joins to caecum of large intest.
  • this connection closed by the ileo-caucal sphincter
112
Q

glucose

A

building block of carbs

113
Q

the group of animals that feed only on plant material

A

herbivores

114
Q

a form of malnutrition due to a general lack of energy rich food in the diet

A

marasmus

115
Q

largest gland in the human body where gall is produced

A

Liver

116
Q

Pharynx (throat cavity) structure.

A
  • connects from mouth cavity
  • leads to oesophagus and trachea
  • holds epiglottis (trachea lid)
117
Q

a diet followed by people who belong to the Jewish face when meat and dairy products are prepared entirely separately

A

kosher

118
Q

unit used to measure the energy value of food

A

kilojoules are kilocalories

119
Q

the group of animals that feed on plant and animal matter

A

omnivores

120
Q

nutrients mainly responsible for providing the cells with energy

A

carbohydrates and fats

121
Q

Volume of Herbivore food intake?

A

Large volume - plants have low energy value.

122
Q

type of diet when no meat chicken fish or any animal products are eaten

A

vegan

123
Q

end product of carbohydrate digestion

A

glucose

124
Q

process in nutrition when absorbed nutrients become part of the cells

A

assimilation

125
Q

6

A

gall bladder

126
Q

diabetes

A
  • metabolic diseas
  • absence of insulin
  • body cells receive too little glucose to function
127
Q

Small intestine functions

A
  • mix chime with digestive juices
  • glands in the walls secrete these juices
  • increases surface area for absorption
128
Q

a condition which develops when the body develops a defence mechanism against the harmless ingredient in food

A

food allergy

129
Q
A

Bio Questions. (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions