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Bio Questions. > M2. U1. RF. > Flashcards

M2. U1. RF. Flashcards

Population ecology

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the death rate of a population normally expressed as the number of deaths per 1000 individuals per year

A

mortality

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2
Q

the maximum number of individuals that a specific environment can sustain

A

carrying capacity

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3
Q

human intervention that involves the selective killing of wild animals when their numbers exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat

A

culling

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4
Q

the type of competition that takes place between individuals of the same species

A

intraspecific competition

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5
Q

the succession that occurs when plants and animals Settle For the First Time in an area where there was previously no life

A

Primary succession

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6
Q

the study of the mutual interaction among living organisms and between living organisms and the environment in which they live

A

ecology

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7
Q

a group of organisms with similar characteristics that produce fertile offspring

A

species

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8
Q

the complex stable ecosystem developing through ecological succession

A

climax or endpoint

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9
Q

a direct technique to count the number of individuals in the population

A

census

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10
Q

the graphical representation of the age and gender distribution of the population

A

population pyramid

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11
Q

the phenomenon when a population moves out of its original habitat and returns later

A

migration

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12
Q

the specific role each species plays in a community

A

ecological niche

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13
Q

the external factors surrounding an organism and influencing it’s development and survival

A

environment

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14
Q

a symbiotic relationship between 2 organisms of different species where the one benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed

A

commensalism

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15
Q

type of consumers such as Carnivores feeding on the secondary consumers

A

tertiary consumers

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16
Q

animals of which the toes of front parts of the foot are covered with a horny hoof

A

ungulates

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17
Q

the disease caused by the parasitic flatworms schistosoma

A

bilharzia

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18
Q

the phase in an s-shaped growth form when the population numbers reach the carrying capacity of the environment and stabilized around this value

A

equilibrium or stationary phase

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19
Q

a population where the numbers far exceed the carrying capacity the habitat is damaged and the carrying capacity of the environment decreases

A

unstable population

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20
Q

the feeding interaction when two or more individuals compete for the same limited resources

A

competition

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21
Q

factors that increase or take effect when the population numbers increase

A

density dependent factors

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22
Q

a population when no immigration or immigration appears

A

closed population

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23
Q

all green plants that are able to photosynthesize and that produce their own organic food

A

producers

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24
Q

the first plants and animals that settle in an area during ecological succession

A

Pioneers or Pioneer communities

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25
Q

the one-way movement of organisms into an area where they become established

A

immigration

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26
Q

a plant like growth consisting of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and green algae

A

lichen

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27
Q

type of consumers such as Carnivores feeding on Primary consumers

A

secondary consumers

28
Q

J shaped population growth form as it occurs in bacteria

A

geometric growth form

29
Q

the position that an organism occupies in the food chain

A

trophic level

30
Q

the birth rate of a population normally expressed as the number of live births per 1000 individuals per year

A

natality

31
Q

type of parasite that lives on the external surface of the hosts body

A

ectoparasite

32
Q

bacteria and fungi which are saprophytes and feed on Dead organic material

A

decomposers

33
Q

the phenomenon that competition in some closely related species is eliminated as a result of morphological and behavioral adaptations that took place over time

A

character displacement

34
Q

a population where the numbers fluctuate around the carrying capacity

A

stable population

35
Q

the one-way movement of organisms out of an area 2 become established

A

emigration

36
Q

the specific environment that a plant or animal species normally occupies

A

habitat

37
Q

type of parasite that lives inside the hosts party

A

endoparasite

38
Q

the number of individuals of a population per unit of area

A

population density

39
Q

the part of ecology that focuses on the factors influencing the population size the growth rate the growth forms and distribution of individuals inside a population

A

population ecology

40
Q

a unit of plant and animal communities in interaction with each other as well as with the abiotic factors in a particular area

A

ecosystem

41
Q

layering in a forest ecosystem

A

stratification

42
Q

the collective term for the main factors that have an effect on population size

A

parameters

43
Q

organisms that cannot produce their own carbohydrates and that are directly or indirectly dependent on the producers or other consumers for their food

A

consumers

44
Q

the type of competition that takes place between individuals of different species

A

interspecific competition

45
Q

s shaped population growth form which occurs when a young population is located in an area with sufficient food water space and little production

A

logistic growth form

46
Q

the type of organisation consisting of different strategies in animals that lives in groups or colonies where they are interdependent

A

social organisation

47
Q

the succession that occurs when plants and animals settle in an area disrupted by human activities

A

secondary succession

48
Q

type of consumers, for example herbivores, feeding directly on producers

A

Primary consumers

49
Q

techniques that involve the counting of only part of the population after which the population size can be estimated with statistical calculations

A

indirect techniques

50
Q

factors that regulate the population size regardless of the size of the population or the density of the population

A

density independent factors

51
Q

a relationship of coexistence between organisms of different species

A

symbiosis

52
Q

the phase in an s-shaped growth form when the population acclimatizes

A

lag phase

53
Q

the total number of individuals in a population

A

population size

54
Q

animals that live together in highly organised colonies where division of tasks occur

A

eusocial animals

55
Q

a group of populations occurring in a particular area

A

community

56
Q

a group of organisms of the same species that are found in a particular area and can interbreed freely

A

population

57
Q

the number of births per 1000 female individuals of childbearing age

A

fertility rate

58
Q

a feeding interaction where one organism Hunts kills and eats another organism

A

predation

59
Q

a national park connecting more than one country and that opens up migration routes for animals

A

Transfrontier Park

60
Q

the feeding interaction with two different species that need the same limited resources cannot occupy the same niche in the same habitat over a long period As the one will outcompete the other

A

competitive exclusion

61
Q

the sequence of Communities where one community replaces another overtime

A

ecological succession

62
Q

the feeding interaction with two species use the same resource in different ways and coexistence is possible

A

resource partitioning

63
Q

symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed

A

parasitism

64
Q

the symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species where both benefit

A

mutualism

65
Q

limiting factors which prevent population from unrestricted growth and exceeding its maximum growth rate

A

environmental resistance

Bio Questions. (11 decks)

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