M2. U1. RF. Flashcards
Population ecology
the death rate of a population normally expressed as the number of deaths per 1000 individuals per year
mortality
the maximum number of individuals that a specific environment can sustain
carrying capacity
human intervention that involves the selective killing of wild animals when their numbers exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat
culling
the type of competition that takes place between individuals of the same species
intraspecific competition
the succession that occurs when plants and animals Settle For the First Time in an area where there was previously no life
Primary succession
the study of the mutual interaction among living organisms and between living organisms and the environment in which they live
ecology
a group of organisms with similar characteristics that produce fertile offspring
species
the complex stable ecosystem developing through ecological succession
climax or endpoint
a direct technique to count the number of individuals in the population
census
the graphical representation of the age and gender distribution of the population
population pyramid
the phenomenon when a population moves out of its original habitat and returns later
migration
the specific role each species plays in a community
ecological niche
the external factors surrounding an organism and influencing it’s development and survival
environment
a symbiotic relationship between 2 organisms of different species where the one benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed
commensalism
type of consumers such as Carnivores feeding on the secondary consumers
tertiary consumers
animals of which the toes of front parts of the foot are covered with a horny hoof
ungulates
the disease caused by the parasitic flatworms schistosoma
bilharzia
the phase in an s-shaped growth form when the population numbers reach the carrying capacity of the environment and stabilized around this value
equilibrium or stationary phase
a population where the numbers far exceed the carrying capacity the habitat is damaged and the carrying capacity of the environment decreases
unstable population
the feeding interaction when two or more individuals compete for the same limited resources
competition
factors that increase or take effect when the population numbers increase
density dependent factors
a population when no immigration or immigration appears
closed population
all green plants that are able to photosynthesize and that produce their own organic food
producers
the first plants and animals that settle in an area during ecological succession
Pioneers or Pioneer communities
the one-way movement of organisms into an area where they become established
immigration
a plant like growth consisting of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and green algae
lichen
type of consumers such as Carnivores feeding on Primary consumers
secondary consumers
J shaped population growth form as it occurs in bacteria
geometric growth form
the position that an organism occupies in the food chain
trophic level
the birth rate of a population normally expressed as the number of live births per 1000 individuals per year
natality
type of parasite that lives on the external surface of the hosts body
ectoparasite
bacteria and fungi which are saprophytes and feed on Dead organic material
decomposers
the phenomenon that competition in some closely related species is eliminated as a result of morphological and behavioral adaptations that took place over time
character displacement
a population where the numbers fluctuate around the carrying capacity
stable population
the one-way movement of organisms out of an area 2 become established
emigration
the specific environment that a plant or animal species normally occupies
habitat
type of parasite that lives inside the hosts party
endoparasite
the number of individuals of a population per unit of area
population density
the part of ecology that focuses on the factors influencing the population size the growth rate the growth forms and distribution of individuals inside a population
population ecology
a unit of plant and animal communities in interaction with each other as well as with the abiotic factors in a particular area
ecosystem
layering in a forest ecosystem
stratification
the collective term for the main factors that have an effect on population size
parameters
organisms that cannot produce their own carbohydrates and that are directly or indirectly dependent on the producers or other consumers for their food
consumers
the type of competition that takes place between individuals of different species
interspecific competition
s shaped population growth form which occurs when a young population is located in an area with sufficient food water space and little production
logistic growth form
the type of organisation consisting of different strategies in animals that lives in groups or colonies where they are interdependent
social organisation
the succession that occurs when plants and animals settle in an area disrupted by human activities
secondary succession
type of consumers, for example herbivores, feeding directly on producers
Primary consumers
techniques that involve the counting of only part of the population after which the population size can be estimated with statistical calculations
indirect techniques
factors that regulate the population size regardless of the size of the population or the density of the population
density independent factors
a relationship of coexistence between organisms of different species
symbiosis
the phase in an s-shaped growth form when the population acclimatizes
lag phase
the total number of individuals in a population
population size
animals that live together in highly organised colonies where division of tasks occur
eusocial animals
a group of populations occurring in a particular area
community
a group of organisms of the same species that are found in a particular area and can interbreed freely
population
the number of births per 1000 female individuals of childbearing age
fertility rate
a feeding interaction where one organism Hunts kills and eats another organism
predation
a national park connecting more than one country and that opens up migration routes for animals
Transfrontier Park
the feeding interaction with two different species that need the same limited resources cannot occupy the same niche in the same habitat over a long period As the one will outcompete the other
competitive exclusion
the sequence of Communities where one community replaces another overtime
ecological succession
the feeding interaction with two species use the same resource in different ways and coexistence is possible
resource partitioning
symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed
parasitism
the symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species where both benefit
mutualism
limiting factors which prevent population from unrestricted growth and exceeding its maximum growth rate
environmental resistance
