M.17 Flashcards
1
Q
The process of respiration, gasses flow through lungs (inspiration) and flow out (expiration).
A
Pulmonary ventilation
2
Q
The process of respiration, gasses exchange between lungs and the outside environment.
A
External respiration
3
Q
The process of respiration, where oxygen diffuses from the blood, into the interstitial fluid, and into the cells.
A
Internal respiration
4
Q
contains mucus and hairs that moisten air, crappy sinus drainage.
A
Nasal conchae
5
Q
A
Pharynx
6
Q
Respiratory, auditory tubes and pharyngeal tonsils.
A
Nasopharynx
7
Q
Respiratory, digestive, houses palatine.
A
Oropharynx
8
Q
Opens into larynx and esophagus, respiratory and digestive.
A
Laryngopharynx
9
Q
Voice box. Inflammation causes “hoarse voice”.
A
Larynx
10
Q
Floating bone. Damage impairs the ability to speak.
A
Hyoid bone
11
Q
“sorting paddle” detects and responds material entering into the oropharynx.
A
Epiglottis
12
Q
Opening of the larynx. Makes sounds. Holds vocal cords.
A
Glottis
13
Q
A
Thyrohyoid membrane
14
Q
A
Epiglottis Leaf
15
Q
A
Epiglottis Stem
16
Q
A
Corniculate cartilage
17
Q
A
Thyroid cartilage
18
Q
A
Arytenoid cartilage
19
Q
A
Cricothyroid ligament
20
Q
A
Cricoid cartilage
21
Q
A
Cricotracheal ligament
22
Q
A
Tracheal cartilages
23
Q
A
Primary Bronchi
24
Q
A
Secondary bronci
25
Carina of trachea
26
Bronchiole
27
Alveolus
28
Alveolar sac
29
Pulmonary arteriole
30
Pulmonary venule
31
touches lung
Visceral pleura
32
touches chest wall
Parietal pleura
33
membrane between visceral and parietal pleura.
Pleural cavity
34
The ___ lung has 3 lobes.
right
35
The ___ lung has 2 lobes.
left
36
Hilum of lung
37
Pulmonary apex
38
**Cardiac notch** of the left lung
39
base answer on num. of lobes
**Left lung**
40
base answer on num. of lobes
Right lung
41
The [**Sympathetic/Parasympathetic**] response expands airways and increases respiratory rate.
sympathetic response
42
The [**Sympathetic/Parasympathetic**] response that decreases respiratory rate and secretes mucus.
parasympathetic response
43
The nerve that stimulates the diaphragm.
Phrenic nerve
44
The nerve that stimulates the parasympathetic intervention of the lungs.
Vagus Nerve
45
The zone of the respiratory system that brings air into or out of the lung.
Conducting zone
46
The zone of the respiratory system where gas exchange takes place.
Respiratory zone
47
The [**lower/upper**] respiratory tract includes the larynx. Not sterile.
Upper respiratory tract
48
The [**lower/upper**] respiratory tract includes the trachea. Usually sterile.
Lower respiratory tract
49
Cells in the lung that secret mucous.
Goblet cells
50
The process where cilia bring particles out of the lung and into the pharynx.
Mucociliary escalator
51
The esophagus is [**anterior/posterior**] to the trachea.
**Posterior**
52
A cell membrane that forms the alveolar-capillary membrane (A-C).
Type I Alveolar Cell
53
Septal cells that secrete surfactant (soap) that moistens and sticks water (inflates alveoli).
Type II alveolar cell
54
(dust cell) — Lung cells that engulf large invaders, then ride the mucociliary escalator out of the lung.
Alveolar macrophage
55
The transport method for O₂ moving into capillary and CO₂ moving out of capillary inside alveoli.
Diffusion
56
Pulmonary air moment into the lungs. Muscle action.
Inspiration
57
Pulmonary air movement out of the lungs. Generally passive.
Expiration
58
The collision of molecules with the wall of a container.
Pressure
59
The molecular movement of a gas changes speed due to?
Temperature
60
The measurement unit of the atmosphere (At sea level).
Atmosphere
61
1 Atmosphere unit = ? mmHg
760 mmHg
62
In High-Altitude physiology, on the top of Mt Everest, the pressure of oxygen [**decreases/increases**].
decreases
63
Boyles Law **Formula**
P₁V₁=P₂V₂
64
Using P₁V₁=P₂V₂, If volume goes up, the pressure goes [**down/up**].
Down
65
Using P₁V₁=P₂V₂, If you inspire at 760mmHg, then alveolar pressure [**decreases/increases**] by 2mmHg.
Decreases
66
Using P₁V₁=P₂V₂, If you expire at 760mmHg, then alveolar pressure [**decreases/increases**] by 2mmHg.
Increases
67
A condition, with a collapsed lung. Air leaks into the pleural cavity.
Pneumothorax
68
A graphic record of respiratory movements traced on a revolving drum.
Spirogram
69
**TLC**
| (Total Lung Capacity)
70
**VC**
| (Vital Capacity)
71
**RV**
| (Residual Volume)
72
**IC**
| (Inspiratory Capacity)
73
**FRC**
| (Functional Residual Capacity)
74
**IRV**
| (Inspiratory Reserve Volume)
75
**Tv**
| (Tidal Volume)
76
**ERV**
| (Expiratory Reserve Volume)
77
**RV**
| (Residual Volume)
78
Condition where atm pressure increases undersea, N₂ causes damage to alveolar-capillary membrane joints. “The bends”.
Nitrogen Narcosis
79
The capillary PO₂ = 100mmHg, the pressure in the tissue is PO₂ = 40mmHg, O₂ diffuses [**in/out**] the capillary?
out
80
The capillary PO₂ = 40mmHg, the pressure in the tissue is PO₂ =105mmHg, O₂ diffuses [**in/out**] the capillary?
in
81
Percent of CO₂ carried by bicarbonate.
70%
82
Percent of CO₂ carried by hemoglobin.
23%
83
Percent of CO₂ dissolved as a gas in the plasma.
7%
84
As PO₂ increases, more ___ combines with hemoglobin.
O₂
85
The measurement unit used to measure oxygen saturation in patients.
O₂ Stat
86
Fetal hemoglobin has a [**higher/lower**] affinity for O₂ than does adult hemoglobin.
higher
87
As pH increases or PCO₂ [**decreases/increases**], O₂ combines more tightly with hemoglobin, so that less is available to tissues.
decreases
88
As temperature increases, the affinity of hemoglobin for O₂ [**decreases/increases**].
decreases
89
H₂O + [**\_\_\_**] ⟷ H₂CO₃ ⟷ H⁺ + HCO₃⁻
These levels impact hydrogen ion levels.
CO₂
90
H₂O + CO₂ ⟷ H₂CO₃ ⟷ [\_\_\_] + HCO₃⁻
H⁺
91
H₂O + CO₂ ⟷ [\_\_\_] ⟷ H⁺ + HCO₃⁻
H₂CO₃
92
If CO₂ [**↑/↓**], then H⁺↑ and pH↓
↑
93
If CO₂ [**↑/↓**], then H⁺↓ and pH↑
↓
94
If pH is low (\<7.40), then [**high/low**] hydrogens.
High
95
If pH is high (\>7.40), then [**high/low**] hydrogens.
Low
96
A condition for rapid breathing.
tachypnea
97
In **hyperventilation**, **O₂↑**, thus...
CO₂ **[↑↓]**
pH **[↑↓]**
CO₂↓
pH↑
98
A Condition of rapid, shallow breaths. Respiratory rate may increase but not increase V.
Panting
99
A condition of rapid, deep breaths.
Hyperpnea
100
A condition of normal ventilation rate.
Eupnea
101
Condition of a temporary halt in ventilation.
Apnea
102
In Hypoventilation,
CO₂ **[↑↓]**
O₂ **[↑↓]**
pH ↓.
CO₂↑
O₂↓
103
The rhythm of breathing is controlled by the ____ in the brainstem?
Medulla
104
The center in the medulla which stimulates the diaphragm by the phrenic nerve.
Inspiratory center
105
The center in the medulla for inactive quite breathing.
106
The brainstem part contains the pnumotaxic center and apneustic center.
Pons
107
The pons center which limits the duration of inspiration to prevent lungs from getting too full.
pnumotaxic center
108
The pons center that coordinates transition between inhalation and exaltation.
apneustic center
