M.17 Flashcards
The process of respiration, gasses flow through lungs (inspiration) and flow out (expiration).
Pulmonary ventilation
The process of respiration, gasses exchange between lungs and the outside environment.
External respiration
The process of respiration, where oxygen diffuses from the blood, into the interstitial fluid, and into the cells.
Internal respiration
contains mucus and hairs that moisten air, crappy sinus drainage.
Nasal conchae
Pharynx
Respiratory, auditory tubes and pharyngeal tonsils.
Nasopharynx
Respiratory, digestive, houses palatine.
Oropharynx
Opens into larynx and esophagus, respiratory and digestive.
Laryngopharynx
Voice box. Inflammation causes “hoarse voice”.
Larynx
Floating bone. Damage impairs the ability to speak.
Hyoid bone
“sorting paddle” detects and responds material entering into the oropharynx.
Epiglottis
Opening of the larynx. Makes sounds. Holds vocal cords.
Glottis
Thyrohyoid membrane
Epiglottis Leaf
Epiglottis Stem
Corniculate cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricoid cartilage
Cricotracheal ligament
Tracheal cartilages
Primary Bronchi
Secondary bronci
Carina of trachea
Bronchiole
Alveolus
Alveolar sac
Pulmonary arteriole
Pulmonary venule
touches lung
Visceral pleura
touches chest wall
Parietal pleura
membrane between visceral and parietal pleura.
Pleural cavity
The ___ lung has 3 lobes.
right
The ___ lung has 2 lobes.
left
Hilum of lung
Pulmonary apex
Cardiac notch of the left lung
base answer on num. of lobes
Left lung
base answer on num. of lobes
Right lung
The [Sympathetic/Parasympathetic] response expands airways and increases respiratory rate.
sympathetic response
The [Sympathetic/Parasympathetic] response that decreases respiratory rate and secretes mucus.
parasympathetic response
The nerve that stimulates the diaphragm.
Phrenic nerve
The nerve that stimulates the parasympathetic intervention of the lungs.
Vagus Nerve
Cells in the lung that secret mucous.
Goblet cells
The process where cilia bring particles out of the lung and into the pharynx.
Mucociliary escalator
The esophagus is [anterior/posterior] to the trachea.
Posterior
A cell membrane that forms the alveolar-capillary membrane (A-C).
Type I Alveolar Cell
Septal cells that secrete surfactant (soap) that moistens and sticks water (inflates alveoli).
Type II alveolar cell
(dust cell) — Lung cells that engulf large invaders, then ride the mucociliary escalator out of the lung.
Alveolar macrophage
A condition, with a collapsed lung. Air leaks into the pleural cavity.
Pneumothorax
A graphic record of respiratory movements traced on a revolving drum.
Spirogram
TLC
(Total Lung Capacity)
VC
(Vital Capacity)
RV
(Residual Volume)
IC
(Inspiratory Capacity)
FRC
(Functional Residual Capacity)
IRV
(Inspiratory Reserve Volume)
Tv
(Tidal Volume)
ERV
(Expiratory Reserve Volume)
RV
(Residual Volume)
Condition where atm pressure increases undersea, N₂ causes damage to alveolar-capillary membrane joints. “The bends”.
Nitrogen Narcosis
As PO₂ increases, more ___ combines with hemoglobin.
O₂
The measurement unit used to measure oxygen saturation in patients.
O₂ Stat
Fetal hemoglobin has a [higher/lower] affinity for O₂ than does adult hemoglobin.
higher
As pH increases or PCO₂ [decreases/increases], O₂ combines more tightly with hemoglobin, so that less is available to tissues.
decreases
As temperature increases, the affinity of hemoglobin for O₂ [decreases/increases].
decreases
A condition for rapid breathing.
tachypnea
In hyperventilation, O₂↑, thus…
CO₂ [↑↓]
pH [↑↓]
CO₂↓
pH↑
A Condition of rapid, shallow breaths. Respiratory rate may increase but not increase V.
Panting
A condition of rapid, deep breaths.
Hyperpnea
A condition of normal ventilation rate.
Eupnea
Condition of a temporary halt in ventilation.
Apnea
In Hypoventilation,
CO₂ [↑↓]
O₂ [↑↓]
pH ↓.
CO₂↑
O₂↓
