M.12 Flashcards
1
Q
vertebrae is like cereal at
A
C7
2
Q
vertebrae is like lunch at
A
T12
3
Q
vertebrae is like supper at
A
L5
4
Q
vertebrae is like where cake goes after meals
A
S5
(but is fused).
5
Q
The last vertebrae
A
Coccyx
fused
6
Q
Where the spinal cord tapers
A
filum terminale
7
Q
Three layers that covers the CNS.
A
meninges
8
Q
The most superficial meninges
A
dura mater
9
Q
The middle meninges
A
arachnoid mater
10
Q
The most deep meninges, contains astrocytes
A
pia mater
11
Q
It contains shock-absorbing cerebrospinal fluid / CSF.
A
subarachnoid space
12
Q
The spinal cord ends these nerve roots
A
cauda equina
13
Q
The lumber puncture occurs here, the *cauda equina* floats away, allowing CSF collection.
A
L3/L4
14
Q
gray or white matter?
A
gray matter
15
Q
gray or white matter?
A
white matter
16
Q
A mixed nerve, carries motor and sensory, between the spinalcord and body.
A
Spinal nerve
17
Q
the efferent motor root of a spinal nerve.
A
Anterior root
18
Q
The front column of grey matter in the spinal cord.
A
Anterior horn
19
Q
It consists of axons from motor neurons whose cell bodies are found within the gray matter of the spinal cord.
A
anterior roots
20
Q
One of two “roots” which emerge from the spinal cord.
A
Posterior root
21
Q
A cluster of neurons.
A
posterior root ganglion
22
Q
emerge from the spinal cord
A
posterior roots
23
Q
receives several types of sensory information from the body
A
posterior horn
24
Q
part of the SNS, receives input from brain stem, organs, and hypothalamus
A
Lateral horns
25
branch of a spinal nerve
ramus
26
C1 – C5
innervates back of the head, neck muscles.
Cervical plexus
27
C3-C5
innervates the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
28
C5 – T1
supplies afferent and efferent nerve fibers to the chest, shoulder, arm and hand.
brachial plexus
29
C5-C8 & T1
innervate the thumb and nearby structures
radial nerve
30
C5-C8, T1
coarse movements of the hand
median nerve
31
C8-T1
innervate the little finger
ulnar nerve
32
L1 – L4
innervates upper thigh
lumbar plexus
33
L4, L5, S1 – S4
innervate the perineal region, buttocks and the lower limb.
sacral plexus
34
L4 to S3
largest, innervates leg
sciatic nerve
35
contain postganglionic cell bodies for the effector organs of the thorax and abdomen.
sympathetic trunk ganglia
36
For the effector organs of the head (eye, salivary glands)
superior cervical ganglion
37
parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract
vagus nerve
38
becomes the basal ganglia
Telencephalon
39
The telencephalon’s (**blue structure**) has theses caudate nucleus, putamen, globes pallidus. It controls movement.
Basal Nuclei
40
Telencephalon: All dedicated to consciousness.
Cerebral Cortex
41
control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, habit learning, eye movements, cognition, and emotion.
Basal nuclei
42
the upper portion of the brain
Diencephalon
43
The portion where you find the pineal gland, produces melatonin.
Epithalamus, pineal gland
44
relay for all sensory and motor information
does not register **smell**.
Thalamus
45
The portion responsible for homeostasis, contains **pituitary gland** (red).
Hypothalamus
46
the arbor vitae, habits and skills that are subconscious.
Cerebellum
47
The portion between the pons and brain, contains oculomotor nerves.
Brainstem (midbrain)
48
midbrain part, secretes dopamine
substantia nigra
49
it helps rely information, breathing.
Pons
50
It controls HB, respiration and \*vomiting\*, process pain and temperature. It controls the tongue.
Medulla oblongata
51
Reflexes; sensory tracts bring information up from body surface and motor tracts bring information down to body muscles
Spinal cord
52
carries pain and temperature information
anterolateral system (ALS)
splnothalamcl tract
53
carry light touch, vibration, and proprioception information.
dorsal (posterior) columns
| (gracile and cuneate fasciculi)
54
carries information from the motor cortex to the alpha motor neurons, which in turn innervate the body's voluntary muscles.
lateral corticospinal tract
55
The fibers from motor cortex to spinal cord pass through the midbrain as the
crus cerebri
56
contains most of the dopamine neurons in the cerebral cortex.
The dopaminergic pathways = reward, attention, short-term memory tasks, planning, and motivation.
Frontal lobe
57
integrates sensory information
parietal
58
processing sensory input into derived meanings for visual, language, and emotion
temporal
59
visual processing center
occipital
60
emotional center, memory
Insular lobe
61
prominent landmark, separating parietal lobe from the frontal lobe and the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex.
central sulcus
62
involved with motor informatoin
Precentral gyrus
63
responsible for sensensory
postcentral glyrus
64
The frontal and parietal lobes are separated from the temporal lobe by the
Lateral sulcus
65
The parietal lobe and occipital lobe are separated by the
Parietooccipital sulcus
66
separates the brain into two hemispheres
medial longitudinal fissure
67
separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.
transverse fissure
68
(**postcentra glyrus**) receiving information about the face and body surface. Taste is also here, and nearby in area 43.
primary somatosensory cortex
69
**BA-4**. sends axons to the a motor neurons of spinal cord (executing movement).
primary motor cortex
70
**BA-44-45**. Functions linked to speech production
Broca's area
71
**BA-17-18-19**. Processes visual information.
Visual cortex
72
**BA-17**. Processes static and moving objects, pattern recognition.
primary visual cortex or striate cortex.
73
**BA-43**. Perception of taste.
Primary gustatory cortex
74
**BA-6**: Planning of complex, coordinated movements.
supplementary motor area
75
**BA-8:** control of eye movements
frontal eye fields
76
**BA-41-42**: first cortical destination of auditory information
primary auditory cortex
77
**BA-22\*.**Responsible for the understanding of speech sounds.
\*lower
Wernicke's area
78
contains Ependyma
Lateral Ventricles
79
Fourth ventricle
80
Interventricular foramen
81
Lateral aperture
82
median aperture
83
contains cells that produces the cerebrospinal fluid
choroid plexus
84
connects both hemispheres togethers
corpus callosum
85
The structures involved in motivation, emotion, learning, and memory.
limbic lobe
86
associated mainly with memory, in particular long-term memory
hippocampus
87
recollective memory
Mammillary body
88
thermoregulation (cooling) of the body
Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
89
emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory.
cingulate gyrus
90
memory encoding and retrieval
parahippocampal gyrus
91
spatial memory
Mammillothalamic tract
92
smell sensory
**(I) Olfactory**
93
vision sensory
**(II) Optic**
94
eye motor
**(III) Oculomotor**
95
eye motor, pulls up
**(IV) Trochlear**
96
motor and sensory
mouth motor,
face, maxillary and mandibullar sensory
**(V) Trigeminal**
97
eye motor, pulls to sides
**(VI) Abducens**
98
motor face,
sensory taste
saliva
**(VII) Facial Nerve**
99
sensory,
Balance & Hearing
**(VIII) Vestibulocochlear**
100
Tongue (mouth) & Pharynx
sensory and motor
**(IX) Glossopharyngeal**
101
Sensory and Motor
heart, lungs, and digestive tract.
**(x) Vagus**
102
Motor
sternocleidomastoid, trapezius muscles.
**(VI) Accessory**
103
Motor
tongue
**(VII) Hypoglossal**
