M.13 Flashcards
1
Q
BA-4
A
primary motor cortex
2
Q
BA-6
A
supplementary motor area
3
Q
BA-8
A
Frontal Eye Fields
4
Q
BA-44-45
A
Broca’s Area
5
Q
A
third order neuron
6
Q
A
second order neurons
7
Q
A
first order neruons
8
Q
A
First order neurons
9
Q
- motor pathway that controls movements of fingers, hands, arms, trunk, legs, feet
A
Corticospinal tract
(cortex to spine, motor)
10
Q
- Ascending tract, carries sensory information for propreoception
A
Spinocerebellar
(from spine to cerebellum)
11
Q
A
spinothalmic tract
12
Q
The corticospinal cord connects into the anterior horn and into green neurons.
A
Alpha Motor Neuron
13
Q
- The corticospinal cord connects into the anterior horn and into the motor neurons
A
effector neurons
14
Q
- large collection of axons
- connects the telencephalon with diencephalon
A
internal capsule
15
Q
- in medulla
- made of motor processes or pyramidal tracts
A
pyramids
16
Q
- crossing of the motor fibers
A
pyramidal decussation
17
Q
- the nerve after the pyramidal decussation
A
C1
18
Q
- respond to pain and temperature
A
free nerve endings
19
Q
- fine touch and pressure receptors
A
Tactile Merkel’s Disk
SA1
20
Q
- touch receptor that detects stretch
A
Ruffini Corpuscle
SA2
21
Q
- senses fine touch, pressure, and slow vibration
A
Meissner’s Corpuscle of Touch
discovered by anatomist Georg Meissner (1829–1905) and Rudolf Wagner[1]) are a type of mechanoreceptor.
22
Q
- senses movement on skin surface that disturbes hair
A
hair root plexus
23
Q
- sense deep pressure and high-frequency vibration
A
Laminated Pacinian Corpuscle
24
Q
dermatomes sense the thumb
A
C6
25
dermatomes sense index finger
**C7**
26
dermatomes sense nipple line.
**T4**
27
dermatomes sense umbilicus
**T10**
28
dermatomes sense lower extremities like leg.
**L1-5**
29
* made of skin covering sebaceous and sweat glands.
**Lacrimal caruncle**
30
* exocrine glands
* secretes tears
* antimicrobial enzymes
**Lacrimal gland**
31
* drains lacrimal fluid into lacrimal sac
**Lacrimal canaliculus**
32
* serves as reservoir for tear overflow
* pumping driven by blinking.
* provides passage towards nasal cavity
**Lacrimal sac**
33
* carries tears from lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity.
**Nasolacrimal duct**
34
* attached to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity;
* increase epithelial surface area
* create turbulence in the inspired air
**Inferior nasal concha**
35
* small channels commence at puncta lacrimalia
* that drains excess tears into the nose
**lacrimal ducts**
36
* collect tears produced by the lacrimal glands
**lacrimal punctum**
37
* tissue that lines inside of eyelids
* covers sclera (white).
**Conjunctiva**
38
* refracts light,
* 2/3rds of the eye's total optical power
**Cornea**
39
* controls size of the pupil
* amount of light reaching the retina.
**iris**
40
* changes shape
* refracts light to be focused on the retina.
**lens**
41
* Connects ciliary body with the lens
* Allows for adjustment and focusing of the lens
**Zonular fibers**
42
* Functions to moist and lubricated.
* Protects.
* Small blood vessels in membrane
**Bulbar conjunctiva**
43
* the boundary between the ciliary muscle and the retina
**Ora serrata**
44
* the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye
* contains rods and cones, neurons begin processing of visual information
**Retina**
**(neural portion)**
45
* blood vessels nourish outer layers of the retina.
* middle, vascular layer of the eye
**Choroid**
46
* fibrous, protective, outer layer of eye
**Sclera**
47
* responsible for sharp central vision
* contains small depression in the retina
**Fovea centralis**
48
* ganglion cell axons leaving the eye
* small blind spot
**Optic disc**
49
* transmits visual information from the retina to the brain
**Optic nerve**
**CN II**
50
* supplies all nerve fibers that form the optic nerve
**Central retinal artery**
51
* clear gel
* fills space between lens and the retina
**Vitreous body**
52
* controls shape of the lens/ciliary epithelium
* produces **aqueous humor**
**Ciliary body**
53
* lymphatic-like vessel in the eye,
* collects aqueous humor from anterior chamber, sends it to blood vessels
Scleral venous sinus
54
* aqueous humor-filled space between the cornea and iris
**Anterior chamber**
55
* filled with aqueous humor, produced by ciliary body.
**Posterior chamber**
56
* rich in cones
* mediates clear detailed vision
**macula lutae**
57
* the eye's aperture, the iris is the aperture stop
**pupil**
58
* oculomotor nerve (III),
* Turns the eyes inward towards the nose
**Medial rectus muscle**
59
* abducens nerve (VI)
* Turns the eyes outward away from the nose
**Lateral rectus muscle**
60
* trochlear nerve (IV)
* moves eyeball inferiorly and laterally
**Superior oblique muscle**
61
* oculomotor nerve (III)
* moves eye up
**Superior rectus muscle**
62
* oculomotor nerve (III),
* Moves the eye medially
**Medial rectus muscle**
63
* oculomotor nerve (III).
* moves eye down
**Inferior rectus muscle**
64
* oculomotor nerve (III).
* moves eye upward and laterally
**Inferior oblique muscle**
65
* abducens nerve (VI)
* moves eye laterally
**Lateral rectus muscle**
66
* photoreceptor cells in the retina
* detects light intensity
* contributes to black and white vision
**Rod cell**
67
* photoreceptor cells in the retina
* sharp vision
* detection of color
Cone cell
68
* receives visual information from photoreceptors via bipolar cells and retina amacrine cells.
Ganglion cell
69
* absorbs stray light so visual image is not degraded
* nourishes retinal visual cells
**Pigment epithelium**
70
* point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain
**Optic chiasm**
71
* continuation of the optic nerve
* relays information from the optic chiasm to brain.
**Optic tract**
72
* carries visual information through upper and lower division to the visual cortex
**Optic radiation**
73
* epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity
* responsible for detecting odors
**Olfactory epithelium**
74
* narrow with deep grooves supporting the olfactory bulb
* perforated by foramina, allows olfactory nerves to pass
**Cribriform plate**
75
**Olfactory tract**
76
* the brain center for smell
* located below the frontal lobes
**Olfactory bulb**
77
Superior nasal concha
78
* house the structures of the ears
**Temporal bone**
79
* visible part of the ear
* resides outside the head
**Auricle**
80
* one of three middle ear ossicles
**Malleus**
| (think MIS)
81
* one of three middle ear ossicles
**Incus**
82
* one of three middle ear ossicles
**Stapes**
83
membranous semicrucular duct
84
* detects rotation in the sagittal plane.
* This occurs when nodding your head.
**Anterior semicircular canal**
85
* Movement of fluid corresponds to rotation in the transverse plane.
* This occurs when turning head left and right, crossing road.
**Lateral semicircular canal**
86
* vestibular system that detects rotation in the coronal plane.
* This occurs when you move your head to touch your shoulders.
**Posterior semicircular canal**
87
* nerve that conducts impulses related to maintaining balance to the brain (otolith)
**Vestibular nerve**
88
* branch of the auditory nerve
* transmits auditory information from the cochlea to the brain
**Cochlear nerve**
89
* transmits sound and equilibrium from the inner ear to the brain.
**Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)**
90
* a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube
* inner ear
* sound waves trigger nerve impulses
**Cochlea**
91
* air passage between the middle ear and throat
* equalizes air pressure on either side of the eardrum;
* also called the Eustachian tube
**Auditory tube**
92
* separates the external ear from the middle ear
* transmits sound from air to the ossicles, oval window
**tympanic membrane**
93
* A membrane-covered opening
* inner wall of the middle ear
* relieves pressure from the vibrating waves in the cochlear fluid
**Round window**
94
* transmits sound waves from the pinna to the tympanic membrane of the middle ear
**external auditory canal**
95
* rigid, bony outer wall
* inner ear in the temporal bone.
* winding tunnels located in the inner ear
**bony labyrinth**
96
* filled with endolymph
* consists of the cochlea, utricle and saccule, and semicircular canals
**membranous labyrinth**
97
* dilated sacs
* Houses the receptors that monitor angular movements of the head.
**semicircular canal ampullae**
98
* otolith organs (balance)
* detects linear accelerations
**Utricle**
99
* otolith organs (balance)
* detects linear accelerations
**Saccule**
100
* responsible for both hearing and balance
**Vestibule nerve**
101
* directly contacted by the stapes
* membrane at the enterance to the cochlea
* ossicles transmit vibrations
**oval window**
102
* A membrane-covered opening in the inner wall of the middle ear that compensates for changes in cochlear pressure.
**Round window**
103
* a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear
* sound waves trigger nerve impulses
**Cochlea**
104
* endolymph filled cavity
* vibrates when sound waves strike it
**Cochlear duct**
105
* contains a small elevation called the crista.
**semicircular duct ampulla**
106
* houses hair cells
**supporting cells**
107
* provides an open pathway for the perilymph to carry vibrations through the cochlea
Helicotrema
108
* **Macula**
* undulates when vibrations from the ossicles reach the cochlear fluid
**basilar membrane**
109
* **Macula**
* static equilibrium
* small crystals in the fluid-filled vestibular sacs of the inner ear that,
* when shifted by gravity, stimulate nerve cells that inform the brain of the position of the head
**Otoliths**
110
* **Macula**
* neurons in the organ of Corti;
* responsible for auditory transduction
**inner haircells**
111
* **Macula**
* a gelatinous structure
* floating above inner hair cells and touching outer hair cells
tectorial membrane
112
* **Macula**
* Receptor Cells that show convergent connectivity, for loudness discrimination
**outer haircell**
113
* **Macula**
* long tufts on top of hair cells that sway back and forth, opening of ion channels
* connected to the tectorial membrane
* involved in amplifying the incoming sound
**stereocilia**
114
* **Macula**
Hair Bundle
115
* **Macula**
hair cell
116
* **Macula**
vestibular branches (of nerves)
117
* **Crista**
otolithic membrane
118
* **Crista**
* dynamic equilibrium
* A gelatin-like structure
* contains a tuft of hairlike sensory receptor cells in the semicircular canals.
**Cupula**
119
* **Crista**
1. dynamic equilibrium
2. mound of hair cells and gelatinous material in the ampulla of a semicircular canal
**Hair Bundle**
120
**Epiglottis**
121
Palatine tonsil
122
Lingual tonsil
123
Vallate Papilla
124
J is ?
fungiform papilla
125
K is?
filiform papilla
126
Foliate papillae
