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M11.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main disadvantage of the fail safe concept?

A

It adds a lot of weight

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2
Q

What is fatigue?

A

Failure after a series of cyclic loads

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3
Q

What are the three classifications of aircraft structure?

A
  • primary
  • secondary
  • tertiary
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4
Q

What is classified as primary structure?

A

It is critical load bearing structure that requires immediate repair

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5
Q

What is classified as secondary structure?

A

It is not a load carrying members structure and requires repair as soon as possible

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6
Q

What is classified as tertiary structure?

A

Does not carry any loads

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7
Q

What must be used to classify an aircrafts structure classification?

A

The structural repair manual or AMM

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8
Q

What are the five main structural units for an aircraft?

A
  • fuselage
  • wings
  • stabiliser
  • flight control surfaces
  • landing gear
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9
Q

What are the six main types of stress that affect the structure?

A
  • tension
  • compression
  • torsion
  • shear
  • bending
  • hoop stress
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10
Q

How do you work out tensile strength?

A

The load of the material
————————
Cross sectional area

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11
Q

What is tension and compression measured in?

A

Psi

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12
Q

What is meant by torsion stress?

A

Stress caused by twisting

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13
Q

When does torsion stress occur?

A

When the rudder is deflected

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14
Q

What is shear stress?

A

When unaligned forces push in opposite directions

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15
Q

Shear strength of a material is usually either equal or less than what?

A

It’s tensile or compressive strength

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16
Q

What is bending stress a combination of?

A

Compression and tension

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17
Q

What is hoop stress?

A

When the aircraft pressurises it causes it to expand in all directions

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18
Q

What are the three reference planes?

A
  • vertical
  • horizontal
  • longitudinal
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19
Q

What units do Boeing use to measure things?

A

Inches

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20
Q

What units do airbus use to measure things?

A

Cm or mm

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21
Q

What are the body coordinates called on Boeing’s aircraft?

A
  • Body stations (BS)
  • body buttocks (RBBL/LBBL)
  • body water lines (BWL)
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22
Q

On Boeing aircraft what are the wing coordinates?

A
  • Wing reference plane
  • wing buttock lines
  • wing stations
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23
Q

Why is the wing reference plane inclined?

A

So that it is the same as the dihedral of the wing

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24
Q

On Boeing aircraft the nacelle coordinates are divided into what?

A
  • nacelle stations
  • nacelle buttock lines
  • nacelle waterlines
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25
What is special about the nacelle station zero on Boeing aircraft?
It’s in front of the nacelle depending on engine type
26
What are the horizontal stabiliser coordinates on Boeing aircraft?
- the stabiliser chord plane - buttock lines stations - leading edge stations - elevator stations
27
On Boeing aircraft the vertical stabiliser coordinates are divided into what?
- fin stations - waterlines - leading edge stations - rudder stations
28
What coordinates do airbus use?
X,Y,Z
29
What is zone 100?
Lower half of the fuselage
30
What is zone 200?
Upper half of the fuselage
31
What is zone 300?
The empennage
32
What is zone 400?
Power plants and struts
33
What is zone 500?
Left wing
34
What is zone 600?
Right wing
35
What is zone 700?
Landing gear and the landing gear doors
36
What is zone 800?
The doors
37
What are major zones divided into?
Sub-major zones
38
Why are sub-major zones used?
For more precise location of assemblies and components
39
How are major zones identified?
By the first digit of the zonal system
40
How are sub-major zones identified?
By the second digit of the zonal system
41
What type of numbers are found on the right hand side of the aircraft?
Even numbers
42
What type of numbers are found on the left hand side of the aircraft?
Odd numbers
43
How are zones identified?
By the third digit of the zonal system
44
How are zones numbered?
From forward to aft, inboard to outboard, bottom to top
45
When are letters used in zone identification?
When assemblies need to be identified
46
What does the first letter in the zonal system mean?
Shows the position from forward to aft, inboard to outboard, bottom to top
47
What does the second letter of the zonal system mean?
If its on the left or right side
48
Where are drain holes located?
Lower fuselage
49
What are the two types of lightning damage?
Direct and indirect
50
What is lightning direct damage?
When the surface is burned or damaged
51
What is lightning indirect damage?
Damage to electrical components
52
What areas are most likely for lightning strike damage?
Nose and aerofoil trailing edge
53
What is the highest resistance you should get from a bonding lead and structure?
0.025Ω
54
How many grounding points should be in a fuel vapour area?
Two
55
How many ground terminals can go to one stud?
Maximum 4
56
How should grounding points be separated?
AC, DC, and shields
57
What is a longeron?
Main longitudinal member of the fuselage or nacelle
58
What is a tie rod (tension rod)?
Member taking tensile load
59
What is a strut?
Member taking a compression load
60
What is meant by stressed skin?
Structure where loads are shared between skin and framework
61
What is a frame?
Lateral fuselage or nacelle member giving cross-sectional shape
62
What is a rib?
A fore-and-aft structural member of an aerofoil
63
What is a spar?
The main spanwise member of the aerofoil
64
What is a stringer?
A stiffener which assists sheet materials to carry lads along their length
65
What is a bulkhead??
A partition within the structure
66
What is a station number?
Numbers allocated to certain components to indicate their position
67
What is meant by the term safe life?
The period which it is considered that failure of a component is extremely unlikely
68
What is a crack stopper?
A reinforcing member placed in the path of a crack to reduce rate of cracking
69
What is aerodynamic loading?
The loads imposed on an aircraft in flight
70
What is static loading?
The loads imposed on an aircraft when stationary
71
What are the two types of fuselage construction?
- truss type | - monocoque type
72
What is truss type framework?
A rigid framework made up of members that carry the stress
73
What is monocoque type framework?
A rigid framework covered in skin that takes most of the stress
74
What is semi-monocoque construction?
A strong skin reinforced by strong framework
75
What is the skin riveted to?
Longerons or bulkheads
76
What are floorboards made from?
Honeycomb composite
77
How are floorboards secured down?
By fasteners screwed into nutclips or nutplates attached to aluminium beams
78
Why are the floorboards around he toilets and gallies sealed?
To prevent corrosion
79
What is used to attach the wings to the aircraft?
A wing box
80
What is the strongest part of the fuselage?
The wing box
81
How does the wing box prevent the wings from wobbling or bending?
By absorbing some of the stress and distributing it across supportive framework
82
How is the horizontal stabiliser attached to the empennage?
By using a box section
83
How is the vertical stabiliser attached to the fuselage?
By large machined fittings that align with the fuselage frames
84
What is the pylon also known as?
The strut
85
What are nacelles?
Streamlined enclosures used to primarily house the engine and its components
86
What do composites use to bond together?
Adhesive
87
When are bolts used?
When high strength is needed
88
When are screws substituted for bolts?
When high strength isn’t needed
89
When should aluminium bolts not be used?
In tension applications or high wear areas
90
What are the different groups of protective treatment?
- pretreatment - paint coatings - special coatings
91
What are the two types of paint coating?
Primer and top coat
92
Why is primer used?
To give the surface the correct protection and gives a good surface for the top coat
93
Why is a top coat used?
To protect the the layers of primer and aesthetics
94
What are the two types of special coatings?
Type 1 and type 2
95
What is type 1 coating used for?
Water repellent
96
What is type 2 coating used for?
Heavy duty corrosion prevention
97
What type of water should be used for cleaning purposes?
- PH between 7 and 8 | - chloride level less than 100ppm

M11 R (21 decks)

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