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M11 R > M11.2 > Flashcards

M11.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main disadvantage of the fail safe concept?

A

It adds a lot of weight

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2
Q

What is fatigue?

A

Failure after a series of cyclic loads

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3
Q

What are the three classifications of aircraft structure?

A
  • primary
  • secondary
  • tertiary
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4
Q

What is classified as primary structure?

A

It is critical load bearing structure that requires immediate repair

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5
Q

What is classified as secondary structure?

A

It is not a load carrying members structure and requires repair as soon as possible

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6
Q

What is classified as tertiary structure?

A

Does not carry any loads

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7
Q

What must be used to classify an aircrafts structure classification?

A

The structural repair manual or AMM

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8
Q

What are the five main structural units for an aircraft?

A
  • fuselage
  • wings
  • stabiliser
  • flight control surfaces
  • landing gear
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9
Q

What are the six main types of stress that affect the structure?

A
  • tension
  • compression
  • torsion
  • shear
  • bending
  • hoop stress
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10
Q

How do you work out tensile strength?

A

The load of the material
————————
Cross sectional area

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11
Q

What is tension and compression measured in?

A

Psi

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12
Q

What is meant by torsion stress?

A

Stress caused by twisting

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13
Q

When does torsion stress occur?

A

When the rudder is deflected

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14
Q

What is shear stress?

A

When unaligned forces push in opposite directions

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15
Q

Shear strength of a material is usually either equal or less than what?

A

It’s tensile or compressive strength

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16
Q

What is bending stress a combination of?

A

Compression and tension

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17
Q

What is hoop stress?

A

When the aircraft pressurises it causes it to expand in all directions

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18
Q

What are the three reference planes?

A
  • vertical
  • horizontal
  • longitudinal
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19
Q

What units do Boeing use to measure things?

A

Inches

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20
Q

What units do airbus use to measure things?

A

Cm or mm

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21
Q

What are the body coordinates called on Boeing’s aircraft?

A
  • Body stations (BS)
  • body buttocks (RBBL/LBBL)
  • body water lines (BWL)
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22
Q

On Boeing aircraft what are the wing coordinates?

A
  • Wing reference plane
  • wing buttock lines
  • wing stations
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23
Q

Why is the wing reference plane inclined?

A

So that it is the same as the dihedral of the wing

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24
Q

On Boeing aircraft the nacelle coordinates are divided into what?

A
  • nacelle stations
  • nacelle buttock lines
  • nacelle waterlines
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25
Q

What is special about the nacelle station zero on Boeing aircraft?

A

It’s in front of the nacelle depending on engine type

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26
Q

What are the horizontal stabiliser coordinates on Boeing aircraft?

A
  • the stabiliser chord plane
  • buttock lines stations
  • leading edge stations
  • elevator stations
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27
Q

On Boeing aircraft the vertical stabiliser coordinates are divided into what?

A
  • fin stations
  • waterlines
  • leading edge stations
  • rudder stations
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28
Q

What coordinates do airbus use?

A

X,Y,Z

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29
Q

What is zone 100?

A

Lower half of the fuselage

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30
Q

What is zone 200?

A

Upper half of the fuselage

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31
Q

What is zone 300?

A

The empennage

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32
Q

What is zone 400?

A

Power plants and struts

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33
Q

What is zone 500?

A

Left wing

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34
Q

What is zone 600?

A

Right wing

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35
Q

What is zone 700?

A

Landing gear and the landing gear doors

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36
Q

What is zone 800?

A

The doors

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37
Q

What are major zones divided into?

A

Sub-major zones

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38
Q

Why are sub-major zones used?

A

For more precise location of assemblies and components

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39
Q

How are major zones identified?

A

By the first digit of the zonal system

40
Q

How are sub-major zones identified?

A

By the second digit of the zonal system

41
Q

What type of numbers are found on the right hand side of the aircraft?

A

Even numbers

42
Q

What type of numbers are found on the left hand side of the aircraft?

A

Odd numbers

43
Q

How are zones identified?

A

By the third digit of the zonal system

44
Q

How are zones numbered?

A

From forward to aft, inboard to outboard, bottom to top

45
Q

When are letters used in zone identification?

A

When assemblies need to be identified

46
Q

What does the first letter in the zonal system mean?

A

Shows the position from forward to aft, inboard to outboard, bottom to top

47
Q

What does the second letter of the zonal system mean?

A

If its on the left or right side

48
Q

Where are drain holes located?

A

Lower fuselage

49
Q

What are the two types of lightning damage?

A

Direct and indirect

50
Q

What is lightning direct damage?

A

When the surface is burned or damaged

51
Q

What is lightning indirect damage?

A

Damage to electrical components

52
Q

What areas are most likely for lightning strike damage?

A

Nose and aerofoil trailing edge

53
Q

What is the highest resistance you should get from a bonding lead and structure?

A

0.025Ω

54
Q

How many grounding points should be in a fuel vapour area?

A

Two

55
Q

How many ground terminals can go to one stud?

A

Maximum 4

56
Q

How should grounding points be separated?

A

AC, DC, and shields

57
Q

What is a longeron?

A

Main longitudinal member of the fuselage or nacelle

58
Q

What is a tie rod (tension rod)?

A

Member taking tensile load

59
Q

What is a strut?

A

Member taking a compression load

60
Q

What is meant by stressed skin?

A

Structure where loads are shared between skin and framework

61
Q

What is a frame?

A

Lateral fuselage or nacelle member giving cross-sectional shape

62
Q

What is a rib?

A

A fore-and-aft structural member of an aerofoil

63
Q

What is a spar?

A

The main spanwise member of the aerofoil

64
Q

What is a stringer?

A

A stiffener which assists sheet materials to carry lads along their length

65
Q

What is a bulkhead??

A

A partition within the structure

66
Q

What is a station number?

A

Numbers allocated to certain components to indicate their position

67
Q

What is meant by the term safe life?

A

The period which it is considered that failure of a component is extremely unlikely

68
Q

What is a crack stopper?

A

A reinforcing member placed in the path of a crack to reduce rate of cracking

69
Q

What is aerodynamic loading?

A

The loads imposed on an aircraft in flight

70
Q

What is static loading?

A

The loads imposed on an aircraft when stationary

71
Q

What are the two types of fuselage construction?

A
  • truss type

- monocoque type

72
Q

What is truss type framework?

A

A rigid framework made up of members that carry the stress

73
Q

What is monocoque type framework?

A

A rigid framework covered in skin that takes most of the stress

74
Q

What is semi-monocoque construction?

A

A strong skin reinforced by strong framework

75
Q

What is the skin riveted to?

A

Longerons or bulkheads

76
Q

What are floorboards made from?

A

Honeycomb composite

77
Q

How are floorboards secured down?

A

By fasteners screwed into nutclips or nutplates attached to aluminium beams

78
Q

Why are the floorboards around he toilets and gallies sealed?

A

To prevent corrosion

79
Q

What is used to attach the wings to the aircraft?

A

A wing box

80
Q

What is the strongest part of the fuselage?

A

The wing box

81
Q

How does the wing box prevent the wings from wobbling or bending?

A

By absorbing some of the stress and distributing it across supportive framework

82
Q

How is the horizontal stabiliser attached to the empennage?

A

By using a box section

83
Q

How is the vertical stabiliser attached to the fuselage?

A

By large machined fittings that align with the fuselage frames

84
Q

What is the pylon also known as?

A

The strut

85
Q

What are nacelles?

A

Streamlined enclosures used to primarily house the engine and its components

86
Q

What do composites use to bond together?

A

Adhesive

87
Q

When are bolts used?

A

When high strength is needed

88
Q

When are screws substituted for bolts?

A

When high strength isn’t needed

89
Q

When should aluminium bolts not be used?

A

In tension applications or high wear areas

90
Q

What are the different groups of protective treatment?

A
  • pretreatment
  • paint coatings
  • special coatings
91
Q

What are the two types of paint coating?

A

Primer and top coat

92
Q

Why is primer used?

A

To give the surface the correct protection and gives a good surface for the top coat

93
Q

Why is a top coat used?

A

To protect the the layers of primer and aesthetics

94
Q

What are the two types of special coatings?

A

Type 1 and type 2

95
Q

What is type 1 coating used for?

A

Water repellent

96
Q

What is type 2 coating used for?

A

Heavy duty corrosion prevention

97
Q

What type of water should be used for cleaning purposes?

A
  • PH between 7 and 8

- chloride level less than 100ppm

M11 R (21 decks)

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