M11.10 Flashcards
1
Q
What type of fuel is used in aircraft?
A
Kerosene
2
Q
What are the four types of fuel?
A
- jet A
- jet A1
- jet B
- JP 5
3
Q
What fuel is must commonly used in Europe?
A
Jet A1
4
Q
What is the flash point and freezing point of Jet A1?
A
Flash point = 38°C
Freezing point = -47°C
5
Q
What is the flash point and freezing point of jet A fuel?
A
Flash point = 38°C
Freezing point = -40°C
6
Q
What is he flash point and freezing point of jet B?
A
Flash point = 20°C
Freezing point = -58°C
7
Q
What is Jet B fuel normally used on?
A
Military jet engines
8
Q
What is the flash point and freezing point of JP 5 fuel?
A
Flash point = 65°C
freezing point = -48°C
9
Q
What is JP 5 fuel normally used on?
A
Aircraft carriers
10
Q
What is meant by volatility?
A
The ability to vaporise
11
Q
What causes fuel to vaporise?
A
When ambient pressure decreases
12
Q
What is the density of all four types of fuel?
A
- jet A & A1 = 0.81kg/ltr
- jet B = 0.78kg/ltr
- jp 5 = 0.83kg/ltr
13
Q
What does milky fuel mean?
A
The fuel is contaminated with dissolved water
14
Q
What test is most common for testing for dissolved water?
A
Syringe test cartridge
15
Q
What are reserve tanks used for?
A
To store the reserve fuel
16
Q
How do integral tanks save weight?
A
By using the aircraft structure as tank walls
17
Q
What is used to create integral tanks?
A
The front and rear spar and the wing skin
18
Q
What type of seal is used to seal the fuel tanks?
A
A fillet seal
19
Q
What type of seal is used to cover a bolt or nut?
A
A cap seal
20
Q
What type of fuel tank is removable?
A
Auxiliary tanks
21
Q
What are auxiliary fuel tanks made from?
A
Metal alloy container with a rubber bladder
22
Q
Why is it important fuel doesn’t splash around in the tanks?
A
Because it would make it unstable
23
Q
What are baffle check valves used for in the fuel tanks?
A
To make sure the pumps have constant fuel by only allowing the fuel in not out
24
Q
What is the metal gasket used for on tank access panels?
A
To prevent static charges
25
Why is a continuous flow of air needed in fuel tanks?
To ventilate the fuel vapours
26
What is used to ventilate the stabiliser tank?
Ram air
27
What pipe takes away the ventilated fuel air to the drain pipe?
The spur pipe
28
What are the two types of drain valves?
Direct and indirect
29
What is meant by direct drain valve?
It is installed at the lowest point
30
What is meant by indirect drain valve?
When the drain valve isn’t at the lowest point
31
When would electric drain valves be used?
When drain valves are difficult to get to
32
Where are water scavenge systems be found?
In large fuel tanks
33
What is used to gather the last bits of fuel after emptying?
The water drain valve
34
What is used to prevent leakage from the vent ducts during manoeuvres?
A rubber check valve
35
What type of air duct is used in the fuel tank ventilation system?
NACA duct
36
What are the two types of over pressure protection systems?
Carbon disks or spring loaded
37
When a over pressure happens what happens to the over pressure valves?
They open and stay open after activation
38
What are the two ways to refuel?
Gravity and pressure
39
What pressure is fuel pumped into the aircraft whilst refuelling?
50psi
40
Where should fuel be during landing?
In the wings
41
What are the three types of pressure refuelling?
- manual
- automatic
- override
42
What happens during manual pressure refuelling?
You control everything on the control panel
43
What happens during automatic pressure refuelling?
The fuel quantity control computer does everything
44
When is override pressure refuelling used?
When electrical power is not available
45
How are the refuelling valves opened during the override pressure refuel?
By using a mechanical override
46
What is the unit for fuel?
Kilograms or tons
47
What tanks get filled first?
Wings then centre then tail
48
What are high level sensor in the fuel tanks used for?
When they activate they will shut the refuelling valve
49
During flight what fuel tanks empties first?
The centre tank and stabiliser tank
50
What happens to the fuel manifold when the centre tank is empty?
It starts to bend as it’s full of fuel
51
What is used to prevent the fuel manifold from bending?
Manifold drain valves remove all the fuel when the tanks fall bellow the manifold
52
What are solenoid operated refuelling valves said to be?
Fail-safe
53
Why are fuel diffusers or tank distribution manifolds used?
To prevent foaming and to soften the fuel jets
54
What is the fuel feed system used for?
To ensure proper fuel supply to the engines and APU
55
How many fuel boost pumps are used for each engine and APU?
2
56
Why are two fuel boost pumps needed?
Just in case one fails
57
What does the fuel recirculate system do?
Send fuel to cool the IDG and engine oil
58
During taxiing what fuel tank feeds all the engines?
The centre tank
59
When do the engines get supplied individually after taxiing?
When flaps are extended
60
What is the job of the fuel scavenge system?
To reduce the amount of non-usable fuel in the tanks
61
Where is the scavenged fuel pumped into?
The main inner tank
62
Where are the fuel boost pumps located?
On the front or rear spar or in an explosion proof canister in the tank
63
What type of pump is a fuel boost pump?
Impeller pump
64
What are the two types of Defuelling?
Pressure and suction
65
What psi is defuelling normally done at?
25-50psi from the boost pump
66
When the defuel transfer valve opens where does the fuel go?
Refuelling manifold
67
Where does the suction come from whilst suction defuelling?
The bowser
68
What psi is suction defuelling done at?
10-15psi
69
How is a fuel transfer done?
Manually
70
Why are trim tanks used?
To increase efficiency and reduce fuel consumption
71
How is fuel saved by using the trim tank?
By reducing aerodynamic drag
72
How does the trim tank control the aircrafts centre of gravity?
By transferring fuel forward or aft
73
At the start of a refuel what happens to the centre of gravity?
It goes aft because the outer wing tanks fill first
74
What does having an aft centre of gravity do to the aircrafts stability?
It reduces it
75
What does the fuel control computer ensure with the centre of gravity?
It aims for the target centre of gravity and makes sure it doesn’t go past the critical point
76
When is the centre of gravity control available?
After a pre-determined altitude or a certain amount of minutes before touch down
77
What is the centre of gravity always referred to?
As a percentage of mean aerodynamic chord
78
What is the jettison used for?
To dump fuel overboard to reduce weight for landing
79
What is always higher take off weight or landing weight?
Take off weight
80
What manifold does the jettison system use?
The refuelling manifold
81
What are the jettison nozzles called?
Anti-corona outlets
82
What is the default jettison weight?
Maximum landing weight
83
How is the jettison interrupted?
By use of the jettison control switches
84
What computer is used to display the fuel page on the ECAM?
Fuel quantity computer
85
What is the dielectric constant?
The material inside of the fuel quantity probe
86
How does a fuel quantity probe work?
It has a certain capacitance when a certain amount of fuel is in the tank
87
What do the fuel characteristic sensors do?
Measure the density of the fuel
88
Where are the fuel characteristic sensor located?
The bottom of the tanks
89
What are the two types of fuel characteristic sensors?
- compensator
| - densitometer
90
Why are fuel level sensors used?
To cut off refuel when the tank is full
91
How does a fuel level float switch work?
When the fuel level rise the float also rises until it hits a sensor
92
How does a fuel level thermistor work?
It uses the different thermal conductivity of air and fuel
93
How does a fuel level single point sensor work?
By using capacitance like the fuel quantity sensor
94
How is the temperature in fuel tanks measured?
By using a thermistor
95
What determines the amount of measuring sticks?
The shape of the tank
96
What are the two types of manual measuring devices?
- Drip sticks
| - Magnetic level indicators
97
What are the three methods of figuring out the aircrafts attitude?
- inclinometer
- plumb method
- attitude monitor
98
How does a inclinometer work?
Just like a spirit level
99
How does the plumb method work?
You attach a plumb to the wheel well area and read the scale
100
What type of aircraft attitude method is the most accurate?
The plumb method
101
How does a attitude monitor work?
It’s grid system with a bubble and chart
102
If the hydrometer isn’t working what is the standard fuel density?
0.8kg/l
103
What shouldn’t take place whilst replacing oxygen bottles?
Refuelling or defuelling
104
What is created whilst refuelling?
Electric static
105
What are the tools callled that are used whilst working in the fuel tanks?
Explosion proof tools
106
When working inside of a fuel tank what should your special clothing be made from?
Cotton
107
When can you enter a fuel tank without a mask?
When its considered health safe
