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M11 R > M11.10 > Flashcards

M11.10 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of fuel is used in aircraft?

A

Kerosene

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2
Q

What are the four types of fuel?

A
  • jet A
  • jet A1
  • jet B
  • JP 5
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3
Q

What fuel is must commonly used in Europe?

A

Jet A1

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4
Q

What is the flash point and freezing point of Jet A1?

A

Flash point = 38°C

Freezing point = -47°C

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5
Q

What is the flash point and freezing point of jet A fuel?

A

Flash point = 38°C

Freezing point = -40°C

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6
Q

What is he flash point and freezing point of jet B?

A

Flash point = 20°C

Freezing point = -58°C

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7
Q

What is Jet B fuel normally used on?

A

Military jet engines

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8
Q

What is the flash point and freezing point of JP 5 fuel?

A

Flash point = 65°C

freezing point = -48°C

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9
Q

What is JP 5 fuel normally used on?

A

Aircraft carriers

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10
Q

What is meant by volatility?

A

The ability to vaporise

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11
Q

What causes fuel to vaporise?

A

When ambient pressure decreases

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12
Q

What is the density of all four types of fuel?

A
  • jet A & A1 = 0.81kg/ltr
  • jet B = 0.78kg/ltr
  • jp 5 = 0.83kg/ltr
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13
Q

What does milky fuel mean?

A

The fuel is contaminated with dissolved water

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14
Q

What test is most common for testing for dissolved water?

A

Syringe test cartridge

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15
Q

What are reserve tanks used for?

A

To store the reserve fuel

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16
Q

How do integral tanks save weight?

A

By using the aircraft structure as tank walls

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17
Q

What is used to create integral tanks?

A

The front and rear spar and the wing skin

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18
Q

What type of seal is used to seal the fuel tanks?

A

A fillet seal

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19
Q

What type of seal is used to cover a bolt or nut?

A

A cap seal

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20
Q

What type of fuel tank is removable?

A

Auxiliary tanks

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21
Q

What are auxiliary fuel tanks made from?

A

Metal alloy container with a rubber bladder

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22
Q

Why is it important fuel doesn’t splash around in the tanks?

A

Because it would make it unstable

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23
Q

What are baffle check valves used for in the fuel tanks?

A

To make sure the pumps have constant fuel by only allowing the fuel in not out

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24
Q

What is the metal gasket used for on tank access panels?

A

To prevent static charges

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25
Q

Why is a continuous flow of air needed in fuel tanks?

A

To ventilate the fuel vapours

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26
Q

What is used to ventilate the stabiliser tank?

A

Ram air

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27
Q

What pipe takes away the ventilated fuel air to the drain pipe?

A

The spur pipe

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28
Q

What are the two types of drain valves?

A

Direct and indirect

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29
Q

What is meant by direct drain valve?

A

It is installed at the lowest point

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30
Q

What is meant by indirect drain valve?

A

When the drain valve isn’t at the lowest point

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31
Q

When would electric drain valves be used?

A

When drain valves are difficult to get to

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32
Q

Where are water scavenge systems be found?

A

In large fuel tanks

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33
Q

What is used to gather the last bits of fuel after emptying?

A

The water drain valve

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34
Q

What is used to prevent leakage from the vent ducts during manoeuvres?

A

A rubber check valve

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35
Q

What type of air duct is used in the fuel tank ventilation system?

A

NACA duct

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36
Q

What are the two types of over pressure protection systems?

A

Carbon disks or spring loaded

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37
Q

When a over pressure happens what happens to the over pressure valves?

A

They open and stay open after activation

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38
Q

What are the two ways to refuel?

A

Gravity and pressure

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39
Q

What pressure is fuel pumped into the aircraft whilst refuelling?

A

50psi

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40
Q

Where should fuel be during landing?

A

In the wings

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41
Q

What are the three types of pressure refuelling?

A
  • manual
  • automatic
  • override
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42
Q

What happens during manual pressure refuelling?

A

You control everything on the control panel

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43
Q

What happens during automatic pressure refuelling?

A

The fuel quantity control computer does everything

44
Q

When is override pressure refuelling used?

A

When electrical power is not available

45
Q

How are the refuelling valves opened during the override pressure refuel?

A

By using a mechanical override

46
Q

What is the unit for fuel?

A

Kilograms or tons

47
Q

What tanks get filled first?

A

Wings then centre then tail

48
Q

What are high level sensor in the fuel tanks used for?

A

When they activate they will shut the refuelling valve

49
Q

During flight what fuel tanks empties first?

A

The centre tank and stabiliser tank

50
Q

What happens to the fuel manifold when the centre tank is empty?

A

It starts to bend as it’s full of fuel

51
Q

What is used to prevent the fuel manifold from bending?

A

Manifold drain valves remove all the fuel when the tanks fall bellow the manifold

52
Q

What are solenoid operated refuelling valves said to be?

A

Fail-safe

53
Q

Why are fuel diffusers or tank distribution manifolds used?

A

To prevent foaming and to soften the fuel jets

54
Q

What is the fuel feed system used for?

A

To ensure proper fuel supply to the engines and APU

55
Q

How many fuel boost pumps are used for each engine and APU?

A

2

56
Q

Why are two fuel boost pumps needed?

A

Just in case one fails

57
Q

What does the fuel recirculate system do?

A

Send fuel to cool the IDG and engine oil

58
Q

During taxiing what fuel tank feeds all the engines?

A

The centre tank

59
Q

When do the engines get supplied individually after taxiing?

A

When flaps are extended

60
Q

What is the job of the fuel scavenge system?

A

To reduce the amount of non-usable fuel in the tanks

61
Q

Where is the scavenged fuel pumped into?

A

The main inner tank

62
Q

Where are the fuel boost pumps located?

A

On the front or rear spar or in an explosion proof canister in the tank

63
Q

What type of pump is a fuel boost pump?

A

Impeller pump

64
Q

What are the two types of Defuelling?

A

Pressure and suction

65
Q

What psi is defuelling normally done at?

A

25-50psi from the boost pump

66
Q

When the defuel transfer valve opens where does the fuel go?

A

Refuelling manifold

67
Q

Where does the suction come from whilst suction defuelling?

A

The bowser

68
Q

What psi is suction defuelling done at?

A

10-15psi

69
Q

How is a fuel transfer done?

A

Manually

70
Q

Why are trim tanks used?

A

To increase efficiency and reduce fuel consumption

71
Q

How is fuel saved by using the trim tank?

A

By reducing aerodynamic drag

72
Q

How does the trim tank control the aircrafts centre of gravity?

A

By transferring fuel forward or aft

73
Q

At the start of a refuel what happens to the centre of gravity?

A

It goes aft because the outer wing tanks fill first

74
Q

What does having an aft centre of gravity do to the aircrafts stability?

A

It reduces it

75
Q

What does the fuel control computer ensure with the centre of gravity?

A

It aims for the target centre of gravity and makes sure it doesn’t go past the critical point

76
Q

When is the centre of gravity control available?

A

After a pre-determined altitude or a certain amount of minutes before touch down

77
Q

What is the centre of gravity always referred to?

A

As a percentage of mean aerodynamic chord

78
Q

What is the jettison used for?

A

To dump fuel overboard to reduce weight for landing

79
Q

What is always higher take off weight or landing weight?

A

Take off weight

80
Q

What manifold does the jettison system use?

A

The refuelling manifold

81
Q

What are the jettison nozzles called?

A

Anti-corona outlets

82
Q

What is the default jettison weight?

A

Maximum landing weight

83
Q

How is the jettison interrupted?

A

By use of the jettison control switches

84
Q

What computer is used to display the fuel page on the ECAM?

A

Fuel quantity computer

85
Q

What is the dielectric constant?

A

The material inside of the fuel quantity probe

86
Q

How does a fuel quantity probe work?

A

It has a certain capacitance when a certain amount of fuel is in the tank

87
Q

What do the fuel characteristic sensors do?

A

Measure the density of the fuel

88
Q

Where are the fuel characteristic sensor located?

A

The bottom of the tanks

89
Q

What are the two types of fuel characteristic sensors?

A
  • compensator

- densitometer

90
Q

Why are fuel level sensors used?

A

To cut off refuel when the tank is full

91
Q

How does a fuel level float switch work?

A

When the fuel level rise the float also rises until it hits a sensor

92
Q

How does a fuel level thermistor work?

A

It uses the different thermal conductivity of air and fuel

93
Q

How does a fuel level single point sensor work?

A

By using capacitance like the fuel quantity sensor

94
Q

How is the temperature in fuel tanks measured?

A

By using a thermistor

95
Q

What determines the amount of measuring sticks?

A

The shape of the tank

96
Q

What are the two types of manual measuring devices?

A
  • Drip sticks

- Magnetic level indicators

97
Q

What are the three methods of figuring out the aircrafts attitude?

A
  • inclinometer
  • plumb method
  • attitude monitor
98
Q

How does a inclinometer work?

A

Just like a spirit level

99
Q

How does the plumb method work?

A

You attach a plumb to the wheel well area and read the scale

100
Q

What type of aircraft attitude method is the most accurate?

A

The plumb method

101
Q

How does a attitude monitor work?

A

It’s grid system with a bubble and chart

102
Q

If the hydrometer isn’t working what is the standard fuel density?

A

0.8kg/l

103
Q

What shouldn’t take place whilst replacing oxygen bottles?

A

Refuelling or defuelling

104
Q

What is created whilst refuelling?

A

Electric static

105
Q

What are the tools callled that are used whilst working in the fuel tanks?

A

Explosion proof tools

106
Q

When working inside of a fuel tank what should your special clothing be made from?

A

Cotton

107
Q

When can you enter a fuel tank without a mask?

A

When its considered health safe

M11 R (21 decks)

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