M1. Lesson 5: Post Freudian Theory Flashcards
What principle does Erikson’s stages of development rest on?
Erikson’s stages of development rest on an epigenetic principle.
What is the epigenetic principle?
It means that each component proceeds in a step-by-step fashion with later growth building on earlier development.
What do people experience on every stage of Erikson’s stages of development?
During every stage, people experience an interaction of opposing syntonic and dystonic attitudes, which leads to a conflict, or psychosocial crisis.
What does resolution of the crisis produce?
Resolution of this crisis produces a basic strength and enables a person to move to the next stage.
What are biological components?
Biological components lay a ground plan for each individual that shapes ego identity.
Aside from biological components, what also shapes ego identity?
A multiplicity of historical and cultural events also shapes ego identity
What does each basic strength have?
Each basic strength has an underlying antipathy that becomes the core pathology of that stage.
What is the first stage of development? (Post-Freudian Theory)
The first stage of development is infancy, characterized by the oral-sensory mode, the psychosocial crisis of basic trust versus mistrust, the basic strength of hope, and the core pathology of withdrawal.
What is the infancy stage characterized by?
oral-sensory mode
What is the psychosocial crisis of infancy?
Basic trust versus mistrust
What is the basic strength of infancy?
Basic strength of hope
What is the core pathology of infancy?
Withdrawal
What is the second stage of Erikson’s stages of development?
Early childhood. During this, children experience the anal, urethral, and muscular psychosexual mode; the psychosocial conflict of autonomy versus shame and doubt; the basic strength of will; and the core pathology of compulsion.
What is early childhood characterized by?
During this, children experience the anal, urethral, and muscular psychosexual mode
What is the psychosocial conflict of early childhood?
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
What is the basic strength of early childhood?
the basic strength of will
What is the core pathology of early childhood?
the core pathology of compulsion.
What is the third stage of the Psychosocial stages of development?
During the play age, children experience genital-locomotor psychosexual development and undergo a psychosocial crisis of initiative versus guilt, with either the basic strength of purpose or the core pathology of inhibition.
What psychosexual stage does the play age characterize?
children experience genital-locomotor psychosexual development
What is the psychosocial crisis of the play age?
a psychosocial crisis of initiative versus guilt
What is the fourth stage of Erikson’s stages of development?
School-age children are in a period of sexual latency but face the psychosocial crisis of industry versus inferiority, which produces either the basic strength of competence or the core pathology of inertia.
What psychosexual stage are school-age children characterized by?
School-age children are in a period of sexual latency
What is the psychosocial crisis of school-age children?
the psychosocial crisis of industry versus inferiority
What is the basic strength of school-age children?
basic strength of competence
What is the core pathology of school-age children?
the core pathology of inertia
What is the fifth stage of Erikson’s stage of development?
Adolescence, or puberty, is a crucial stage because a person’s sense of identity should emerge from this period. However, identity confusion may dominate the psychosocial crisis, thereby postponing identity. Fidelity is the basic strength of adolescence; role repudiation is its core pathology.
Why is adolescence or puberty a crucial stage?
crucial stage because a person’s sense of identity should emerge from this period
What is the psychosocial crisis of adolescence or puberty?
Identity confusion
What is the basic strength of adolescence or puberty?
Basic strength of fidelity
What is the core pathology of adolescence or puberty?
Role repudiation
What is the sixth stage of the psychosocial stages?
Young adulthood, the time from about age 18 to 30, is characterized by the psychosexual mode of genitality, the psychosocial crisis of intimacy versus isolation, the basic strength of love, and the core pathology of exclusivity.
What span of age is young adulthood in?
18-30
What is young adulthood characterized by?
characterized by the psychosexual mode of genitality
What is the psychosocial crisis of young adulthood?
the psychosocial crisis of intimacy versus isolation
What is the basic strength of young adulthood?
the basic strength of love
What is the core pathology of young adulthood?
exclusivity
What is the seventh stage of psychosocial development?
Adulthood is a time when people experience the psychosexual mode of procreativity, the psychosocial crisis of generativity versus stagnation, the basic strength of care, and the core pathology of rejectivity.
What is the psychosexual mode for adulthood?
when people experience the psychosexual mode of procreativity
What is the psychosocial crisis of adulthood?
Generativity vs. Stagnation
What is the basic strength of adulthood?
care
What is the core pathology of adulthood?
the core pathology of rejectivity
What is the eighth stage of psychosocial development?
Old age is marked by the psychosexual mode of generalized sensuality, the crisis of integrity versus despair, and the basic strength of wisdom or the core pathology of disdain.
What is the psychosexual mode that old age is marked by?
psychosexual mode of generalized sensuality
What is the psychosocial crisis of old age?
the crisis of integrity versus despair
What is the basic strength of old age?
wisdom
What is the core pathology for old age?
disdain
What did Erikson use to study the identity crises of Martin Luther, Mahatma Gandhi, and others?
Erikson used psychohistory (a combination of psychoanalysis and history) to study the identity crises of Martin Luther, Mahatma Gandhi, and others.
Whose identity crises did Erikson study?
Martin Luther, Mahatma Gandhi, and others
Who coined the term “identity crisis”?
Erik Erikson, the person who coined the term identity crisis.
What term did Erik Erikson coin?
Identity crisis
What did Erik Erikson gain world fame in?
Erikson had no college degree of any kind, but this lack of formal training did not prevent him from gaining world fame in an impressive variety of fields including psychoanalysis, anthropology, psychohistory, and education.
What did Erikson intend his theory of personality to do?
Unlike earlier psychodynamic theorists who severed nearly all ties to Freudian psychoanalysis, Erikson intended his theory of personality to extend rather than repudiate Freud’s assumptions and to offer a new “way of looking at things” (Erikson, 1963, p. 403). Erikson regarded his post-Freudian theory as an extension of psychoanalysis, something Freud might have done in time.
What is the Post-Freudian theory?
Erikson’s post-Freudian theory extended Freud’s infantile developmental stages into adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Erikson suggested that at each stage a specific psychosocial struggle contributes to the formation of personality. From adolescence on, that struggle takes the form of an identity crisis— a turning point in one’s life that may either strengthen or weaken personality.
What are the differences between Erikson and Freud’s theories?
Although he used Freudian theory as the foundation for his life-cycle approach to personality, Erikson differed from Freud in several respects. In addition to elaborating on psychosexual stages beyond childhood, Erikson placed more emphasis on both social and historical influences.
What is Erikson’s post-Freudian theory a reflection of?
Erikson’s post-Freudian theory, like those of other personality theorists, is a reflection of his background, a background that included art, extensive travels, experiences with a variety of cultures, and a lifelong search for his own identity.
