M1- Italy in the early 20th century Flashcards
why was there a lack of Italian identity?
only 2% of the population could speak Italian
very few Italians played a major role in unification
long period of political division led to lack of nationalism
what problem did the Catholic Church have with the Liberal State?
only until 1890 did the Catholic Church recognise the state of Italy
the ROMAN QUESTION still played a massive factor on the minds of Catholics
how much of Italy’s population before 1912 reliant on agriculture?
68%
which area of Italy really struggled with poverty?
the South
what was the position of industry in Italian society before 1912?
heavy industry barely existed
other than for militaryy purposes there was little manufaturers in Italy
why was heavy industry so small in Liberal Italy?
the lack of natural resources meant that Italian companies had little materials to use
why was the Liberal political system so weak?
the Liberals themselves had very little differences with eachother
this meant that the need for political parties to represent opposing policy was unnecessary
what was Transformismo?
political manouvering
Liberals would often put aside their political differences in order to ensure that a policy was passed through government
what made the Liberal state seem so unstable and useless?
the political instability surrounding government
with so many different Prime Ministers, how could an effective policy be carried out without interruption
how many PMs between 1870 and 1922?
29
what were the 3 growing forces in Italy?
Socialism
Catholicism
Nationalism
why was there a lack of a conservative opposition to the liberals?
the Pope had banned catholics from entering Italian politics
a conservative opposition, based on catholic values, was not possible
therefore the liberal government was rarely opposed
how much of Italy had the vote in the 1910s?
25%
where was most of the economic expansion focussed on in Italy?
the north
which industries were growing significantly in Giolitti Italy?
iron
steel
chemicals
electrical
mechanical
which car companies were established in Giolitti Italy?
Fiat
Alfa Romeo
what was an issue amongst Italian workers?
unemployment
food shortages
high taxation
how many strikes between 1901 and 1911?
1,500
what further exemplified the north-south divide?
the rapid industrialisation of the north compared to the south
what was Southern Italy known as?
meridionale
what were the issues in the south?
poor geographical location
poor economy
poor treatment from the north
how long did it take for an Italian PM to visit the south?
32 years after unification
what was the industrial triangle?
Milan
Turin
Genoa
what were difficulties for the peasant population in the south?
malnutrition
poor diet
malaria
TB
how much of the southern population were illiterate?
more than 50%
