M-O Flashcards
MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
inheritance of traits that follow Gregor Mendel’s two laws and the principle of dominance
MACROMOLECULES
molecule that contain large number of atoms
MACROPHAGE
large white blood cell that ingests foreign material
MEIOSIS
specialized cell division used to create haploid gametes in diploid organisms
MEMORY CELL
lymphocyte that responds to an antigen upon reintroductin
METAL
substance that is good conductor of electricity and heat, forms cationes by loss of electrons
MINERAL RESORPTION
osteoclasts’ removal of calcium from bone so it can enter the bloodstream
MINERALIZATION
deposition of hydroxyapatite onto the highly organized collagen matrix in bone
MITOSIS
cell division in eukaryotes that produces two daughter cells, each with the same chromosome number as the parent cell
MOLECULE
arrangement of two or more atoms bonded together
MONOHYBRID CROSS
cross between parents heterozygous at one specific gene
MONOMERS
molecules that can bond to similar or identical molecules to form a polymer
MOUTH
oral cavity at the entry to the alimentary canal
MUSCLE
fibrous tissue
produces force and motion to move body or produce movement in parts of the body
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
stimulates or inhibits the gland’s secretion in order to maintain homeostasis or cause compensation to return to homeostasis;
mechanism that includes the monitoring for specific homeostatic levels and a signal to a gland:
NEPHRON
part of kidney responsible for filtering and excretion
NERVE
bundle of nerve fibers that transmits electrical impulses towards and away from the brain and spinal cord
NEURON
cell of the nervous system that conducts the electrical nerve impulse
NEUTRON
atomic particle w no electric charge
NUCLEIC ACIDS
long molecules made of nucleotides; DNA and RNA
NUCLEUS
large organelle within a cell that houses the chromosomes
ORBITAL
area around nucleus where an electron can be found
ORGAN
self contained part of an organism that performs a specific function
ORGAN SYSTEM
functional groups of organs that work together within the body: circulatory, integumentary, skeletal, reproductive, digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic muscular, nervous.
ORGANELLE
specialized part of a cell that has a specific function
ORGANIC MOLECULE
molecule found in a living thing that contains carbon
OSTEOARTHRITIS
degenerative joint disease
OSTEOBLASTS
osteocytes are a star-shaped cells that maintain bone and are able to sense physical stress;
long projections connect to each other through the canaliculi of bones
OSTEOCLASTS
cells that remove bone
OSTEOCYTES
star-shaped cells that maintain bone and are able to sense physical stresses
OSTEONS
cylindrical structures that comprise compact bone
OSTEOPOROSIS
disease that cause brittle, fragile bones
OVARIES
female gonads;
organs in which eggs are produced for reproduction
OXYTOCIN
hormone made by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. one of its functions is to stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth
MELATONIN
sleeping hormone released from the pineal gland
MITOSIS vs. MEOSIS
MITOSIS- 2n (which means 2 sets of chromosomes) creates 2 new cells with 2n each
MEOSIS - 2n > 2 haploid cells with 2n each > 4 cells with 1n each
