C-D Flashcards
CANALICULI
microscopic canals in ossified bone
CAPILLARIES
small vessels that connect smaller arteries, called arterioles, to smaller veins, called venules, and carry out gas exchange
CARBOHYDRATES
sugars and starches, which body breaks down into glucose
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
system comprised of the heart and blood vessels
CARTILAGE
primary structural protein of connective tissue
CATALYST
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing permanent chemical change
CATION
positively charged ion
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
type of adaptive immunity in which T-lymphocytes attack parasitic worms, cancer cells, transplanted tissues, or cells that contain pathogens
CELLS
the basic structural unit of an organism from which living things are created
CELLULAR FUNCTIONS
processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and movement
CERUMINOUS GLANDS
accessory structures that produce ear wax. found only in dermis of the ear canal
CERVIX
passage that forms lower part of uterus
CHROMATID
one of the two duplicates of a chromosome formed during the cell cycle
CHROMOSOME
structure made of protein and one molecule of DNA
CHYME
semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to small intestines
CODONS
triples of nucleotides that code for amino acids
COLLAGEN
tough, flexible connective tissue found in parts of the body such as the ear
COMMENSAL MICROORGANISMS
microorganisms that live in or on the human body without causing it harm
COMPACT (DENSE) BONES
bone containing densely packed osteons that make up the peripheral layer of bone
COMPLEMENTARY STRAND
molecule of RNA (strand of dna) synthesized from a face complementary template strand
COMPOUND
a substance made of two or more elements
CONTRACTION
process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in a muscle
CUTANEOUS VASOCONSTRICTION
decrease in the diameter of blood vessels in the dermis that reduces blood flow though the skin
CUTANEOUS VASODILATION
increase in diameter of blood vessels in the dermis that allows more blood flow near the surface of skin to release heat
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
genetic disorder that affects the lungs and other organs, characterized by difficulty breathing , coughing up sputum, and lung infections
CYTOKINES
cell signaling molecules released primarily by helper T-cells and macrophages.
Certain CYTOKINES activate cytotoxic T-cells or tell other cells the location of pathogens
CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS
category of lymhpocyte that attacks foreign cells
DEHYDRATION REACTION
chemical reaction between two molecules in which a water molecule is released and a covalent bond forms; often requires an input of energy; polymers are built as a result of this rxn
DENDRITE
nerve fiber that carries a nerve impulse TOWARDS the neuron cell body
DENDRITIC CELLS
antigen-presenting cells that process antigen material and present it to T-cells
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
DNA
DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR
sugar portion of DNA
DERMIS
middle layer of skin
DIABETES
pathologically high blood sugar levels
DIASTOLE
portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart refills with blood
DIHYBRID CROSS
cross between parents heterozygous at two specific genes
DIRECTIONAL TEMINOLOGY
words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements (distal, posterior, medial, etc)
DIURETIC
any substance that causes water to be lost from the body through urination
DOMINANT
refers to the most powerful trait or the allele for that trait
