A-B Flashcards
ACID
substance with a pH less than 7
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
protection against a specific pathogen resulting from the production of antibodies in response to the presence of specific antigens (ex. infection or vaccine)
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
develops specific response triggered by presence of specific antigens. because each is unique, adaptive immunity is at a slower rate. once defense is creates, cellular memory is able to trigger a faster response
ADRENAL
a gland above the kidney that produces hormones to regulate heart rate, blood pressure, and other functions
ALDOSTERONE
a hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that increases reabsorption of sodium ions
ALLERGIES
an immune response to a foreign agent that is not a pathogen
ALVEOLI
tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
AMINO ACIDS
monomers that make up proteins
ANATOMICAL POSITION
standard positioning of the body as standing, feet together, arms to wide, head eyes and palms face forward
ANGIOTENSIN II
a secretion that acts to restore blood volume and blood pressure by constricting blood vessels, stimulating thirst, and stimulating production of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
ANION
negatively charged ion
ANTIBODY
blood protein that counteracts as a specific antigen
ANTIBODY-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
a defense that employs B cells to create antibodies that tag pathogens for later destruction.
AKA HUMORAL IMMUNITY
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE
secretion from the pituitary gland that increases the amount of water able to be reabsorbed from a collecting duct
ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL
cell (such as macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells) that consume a pathogen, and then put parts of ingested antigen on its cell membrane to alert patrolling T cells
ANTIGENS
substances on the surfaces of agents that act to identify them, to the body, as being native or foreign
ANTIMICROBIAL
substance that kills or inhibits growth of microorganisms with minimal damage to the hosts
ANUS
opening of the rectum from which solid wast is expelled
APOCRINE SWEAT GLAND
accessory structures of the dermis that are in physical association with hair follicles, producing a secretion with an odor
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
portion of the skeleton made up of our appendages- bones of arms, legs, hands, feet
ARTERIES
vessels that carry blood away from the heart towards other parts
ASTHMA
lung disease characterized by inflames, narrows airways and difficulty breathing
ATOM
the most basic complete unit of an element
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
pathology that results from the immune system mistaking part of the body as a pathogen
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
the part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates unconscious body functions such as breathing and heart rate
AXIAL SKELETON
portion of the skeleton consisting of skill, ribs, sternum, and spinal column
AXON
nerve fiber that carries a nerve impulse away from the neuron cell body
B CELLS
lymphocytes that mature in bone marrow and make antibodies in response to antigens
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
cup-like structure that surrounds and collects filtrate from glomerulus
BALL AND SOCKET JOINTS
point of articulatin that allows for abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation.
ex. hip socket
BASE
substance with a pH greater than 7
BOLUS
mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed
BONE
hard, calcified material that makes up the skeleton
BONE MARROW
soft material within spongey bone and medullary cavity of long bones
BRITTLE BONE DISEASE
group of disease that affect collagen and result in fragile bones
BRONCHI
main passageway directly attached to the lungs
BRONCHIOLES
small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli
