M:Long term memory Flashcards
according to tuvling what are the 2 different types of memory?
1- explicit/declarative- easy to put into words
2- implicit/non-declarative- not easy to put into words
semantic key details
- explicit (requires effort to recall)
- knowledge
- not timed stamped
- not personal
- facts
research for semantic
VICARI ET AL 2007
reported case study 8 yr girl brain damage from tumor removed, couldnt create/recall episodic but create semantic
episodic key details
- explicit (requires effort to recall)
- complex
-time stamped
-events - influenced by emotions
- like autobiography
research for episodic
HERLITZ ET AL 1997
assessed LTM abilities w swedish p’s
females performed better than males
procedural key details
- implicit
- dont require conscious thought
- skills + action
- through repetition + practice
research for procedural
FINKE ET AL 2012
reported case study of PM 68yr cellist brain areas damaged leading to amnesia episodic + sematic very affected but play music unaffected
PEEL strengths (2)
P- CASE STUDY
E-CW
E-procedural memory
L- improves valdity
C-unique + longitudinal-ungen
P- PRACTICAL APPLICATION
E- research into ageing with episodic mem led to treatments to improve epsiodic
E- p’s trained performed better on test of episodic mem than control g
L- improves society
PEEL weakness
P- CONFLICTING RESEARCH
E- Neuroimaging evidendence suggests location of semantic + episodic inconclusive
E- LTM should be seperated into declarative + non-declarative with no diff between e + s
L- questions validity
What is the capacity of long-term memory (LTM)?
Unlimited capacity
LTM is distinct from short-term memory (STM)
How long can information last in long-term memory?
Up to a lifetime
Who was one of the first cognitive psychologists to critique the MSM’s view of LTM?
Tulving (1985)
What are the two main types of long-term memory according to Tulving?
Explicit and implicit memories
What is explicit memory also known as?
Declarative memory
What is implicit memory also known as?
Non-declarative memory
What are the 2 types of explicit long-term memory?
- Semantic
- Episodic
What characterizes semantic memory?
All knowledge an individual learned, linked to episodic, includes facts and concepts
What type of memory did the case study by Vican et al (2007) focus on?
Semantic memory
What was the outcome of the case study involving the 8-year-old girl with brain damage?
She could create semantic memories but not recall episodic memories
What are the key features of episodic memory?
- Time-stamped
- Personal
- Complex events
What is required for recalling episodic memories?
Effort
What study assessed gender differences in episodic memory?
Herlitz et al (1997)
Fill in the blank: Explicit memory is ____ to put into words
Easy
Fill in the blank: Implicit memory is _____ to put into words
Not easy
