Explainations for forgetting

Question 2

Term: forgetting

Answer 2

failure to retrieve memories

Question 3

Term: interference

Answer 3

memory blocks another causing both to be distorted or forgotten, more likely occur when info similar

Question 4

term: retroactive interference

Answer 4

when new things we learn interfere with recall of old info
new effects old
driving wrong side of road when back from america

Question 5

term: proactive interference

Answer 5

when old info interferes with new learning
old affects new
calling new bf ex’s name

Question 6

term: retrieval failure

Answer 6

occurs when don’t have necessary cues to access memory, memory is available

Question 7

Tuvling 1983: Retrieval Failure

Answer 7

ENCODING SPECIFICITY PRINCIPLE
- if cue is to help us recall info, must be present at encoding + retrieval.
- cue absent= some forgetting
- some cues linked to ‘to-be-remembered’ info whilst others no relevant meaning

Question 8

Giddens + Baddley 1975: Retrieval Failure (AMRC)

Answer 8

A- effects of context cues on recall, see where words learned in the same environment they are recalled in are recalled better in diff environment
M- 18 diving clubs, repeated measures, 38 unrelated words, had distraction, 4 conditions:
- learn on land, recall land
-learn on land, recall underwater
- learn underwater, recall underwater
-learn underwater, recall land
F- 50% better recall with learn + recall same, 40% forgot when conditions changed
C- environment cues improve recall

Question 9

retrieval failure: internal cues

Answer 9

• physiological state a person is in when they learn/encode the info
• eg learn when sad= better recall when sad

Question 10

supporting research for internal cues/state-dependent forgetting

Answer 10

Carter et al gave drugs to p’s, learnt list of words and had to recall, G1 + G4 best
- learn on drug, recall not
- learn on drug, recall on
- learn off, recall not
- learn off, recall on

Question 11

Overton: retrieval failure

Answer 11

got p’s to learn info drunk or sober and found recall worse when p’s in different internal state when recalling to learning

Question 12

Darley: retrieval failure

Answer 12

found p’s who hid money high on marijuana less able to recall where money was when not high

Question 13

retrieval failure strengths (2)

Answer 13

P- supporting research
E- Giddens + Baddley deep sea
E- improve validity, high relability
C- ungen, artifical task
L- lack eco validity

P-practical application
E- use in real life
E- revising exams + sitting them
L- adds value to society, improving validity

Question 14

retrieval failure weakness

Answer 14

P- questionably no difference between recall + recognition
E- deap sea replicated but p’s had to recognise words rather than free recall
E- effects of content depend on type of memory tested
L- limits validity, questions findings
C- memory performance same across 4 conditions, high reliability