M

Question 1

Meiosis

Answer 1

A specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing eukaryotes

Question 2

Menstrual cycle

Answer 2

The cycle of hormonal changes that occurs in the uterus and ovary as an essential part of making sexual reproduction possible. Its timing is governed by cycles of several hormones.

Question 3

Mesoderm

Answer 3

One of the 3 primary germ cell layers. It differentiates give rise to a number of tissues and structures including:
1. bone
2. cartilage
3. muscle
4. connective tissue
5. blood vascular
6. reproductive system
7. excretory system
9 urinogenital system

Question 4

Metaphase

Answer 4

A stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which condensed and highly coiled chromosomes align in the equator of the cell before being separated into each of the two daughter cells

Question 5

Microfilaments

Answer 5

Comprised of actin, these are the thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton, a structure found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

Question 6

Microtubules

Answer 6

Filaments intracellular structure that are responsible for various kinds of movements. Microtubules are involved in nucleic and cell division, organization of intracellular structure, and intracellular transport, as well as ciliary and flagellar motility.

Question 7

Mineralcorticoids

Answer 7

A group of steroid hormones characterized by their influence on salt and water balances. The primary mineralcorticoid is aldosterone

Question 8

Minerals (K+, Na+)

Answer 8

Dissolved inorganic ions inside and outside of the cell. They establish the electrochemical gradient across cell membranes.

Question 9

Missense mutation

Answer 9

A mutation where the change of a single base pair causes the substitution of a different AA in the resulting protein. This AA substitution may have no effect, or it may render the protein nonfunctional.

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

A membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells, the primary function of which is to generate large quantities of energy in the form of ATP

Question 11

Mitosis

Answer 11

The cell process by which chromosomes in the cell nucleus are separated into 2 identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus.

Question 12

Motor unit

Answer 12

A motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by that motor neuron’s axonal terminals. Groups of motor units work together to coordinate the contractions of a single muscle

Question 13

Myoglobin

Answer 13

An iron-containing protophyrin-globin complex found in muscle
Serves as a reservoir for oxygen and gives some muscles their red/pink color; the oxygen binding site allows the attachment of a distal and proximal histidine moleucle

Question 14

Myosin

Answer 14

A thick protein that forms (together with actin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells, and is also involved in motion in other types of cells