H-I Flashcards
Haversian canals
Small tunnels burrowed by osteoclasts through compact bone. They contain blood vessels, connective tissues, nerve fibers and lymphatic vessels
Hemoglobin
The oxygen carrying pigment of the erythrocytes, formed by the developing erythrocyte in bone marrow. It is a complex protein composed of four heme groups and four globin polypeptide chains.
Heterochromatin
A tightly packed form of DNA. Heterochromatin is most abundant in cells that are less active or not active.
Hetertrophs
An organism that consumes other organisms because they are unable to produce organic substances from inorganic ones. They must rely on an organic source of carbon that has originated as part of another living organism
Hexose
Name for a 6 membered sugar ring
His bundle
The bundle of conduction fibers, which originates from the AV node and descends into the ventricles, before the conduction system splits into bundle branches on the ventricles
Hormone
A signaling molecules produced by glands in organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behavior
Hypertonic
Tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient (as defined by the water potential of the two solutions) of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane.
Hypertonic refers to an area of the lesser solute concentration
Incomplete dominance
An intermediate stage between two alleles.
Ex. red + white alleles = pink flower
Innate immunity
The portion of the immune system that reorganizes and responds to pathogens in a generic way, but unlike the adaptive immune system, it doe snot confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. This includes the skin, lysosyzmes, and cytokines among others
Insulin
A peptide hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats by promoting the absorption of glucose by the cells.
Integral/ intrinsic proteins
Proteins firmly embedded within the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane
Introns
Noncoding sections of an RNA transcript, or the DNA encoding it, that are spliced out before the RNA molecule is translated into protein
Inversion
The process when a chromosome breaks in two places and the resulting piece of DNA is reversed and re-inserted into the chromosome. Inversions that involve the centromere are called pericentric inversions; those that do not involve the centromere are called paracentric inversions
Iris
A thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina.
Irreversible inhibitor
Tightly bound to the target enzyme (either covalently or non covalently). Therefore, dissociates very slowly
Isotonic
Isotonic solution refers to when both areas have the same solute concentration
