C

Question 1

Calcitonin

Answer 1

A peptide hormone secreted by thyroid cells. Helps regulate calcium levels and is involved with bone building

Question 2

cAMP

Answer 2

A ubiquitous cyclic nucleotide (adenosine cyclic monophosphate) produced from ATP. It is a regulatory agent that acts as a second messenger for many hormones and transmitter as a signal amplificator or in blood coagulation

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

A carbohydrate is a large biological molecule, or marcromolecule, consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually with a hydrogen:oxygen ratio of 2:1, with the empirical formula Cn(H2O)n

Question 4

Cardiac muscle

Answer 4

Involuntary, striated muscle that is found in the walls and tissues of the heart. this muscle is a self-contracting and autonomically regulated

Question 5

Catabolic pathway

Answer 5

ATP-generating

Question 6

Catecholamines

Answer 6

The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.

Norepinephrine and epinephrine released from the adrenal medulla
Dopamine released by the hypothalamus

Question 7

Cell life cycle

Answer 7

Series of events that take place in cells leading to its division and replication that produces 2 daughter cells.
Prokaryotes: cell cycle via binary fission
Eukaryotes: cell cycle: 1. interphase (G1- growth S - DNA replication G2- grwoth, prepartion for cell division) 2. Mitosis (M), 3. cytokinesis

There are 3 checkpoints G1, S, M

Question 8

Central nervous system

Answer 8

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

Question 9

Chief cells

Answer 9

The cells in the stomach that release pepsinogen and gastric lipase

Question 10

Cholesterol

Answer 10

Lipid molecule that is synthesized by animal cells as an essential structural component of cell membranes. It is needed to maintain both membrane structural integrity and fluidity

Question 11

Chromosomal mutation

Answer 11

Any mutation that causes changes in the structure or number of chromosomes in a cell

Question 12

Chymotrypsin

Answer 12

A protease enzyme that cleaves on the C-terminal phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tryosine on peptide chains

Question 13

Coagulation

Answer 13

Aka clotting. Process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel. Purpose is to cause the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair

Question 14

Cocci

Answer 14

Round shaped bacteria

Question 15

Cochlea

Answer 15

Auditory portion of the inner ear. Spiral-shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth that is filled with fluid. Facilitates the transmission of pressure and sound

Question 16

Codominance

Answer 16

When both alleles are expressed. Ex. blood type AB

Question 17

Coenzyme

Answer 17

Nonprotein organic molecule that combines with an apoenzyme to form the functioning holoenzyme; it aids in enzyme-catalyzed reactions, often by acting as an electron carrier (donor or acceptor)

Question 18

Compact bone

Answer 18

Contains the yellow bone marrow and contains adipose tissue for fat cell storage

Question 19

Competitive inhibition

Answer 19

Competitive inhibition is a form of enzyme inhibition where binding of the inhibitor to the active site on the enzyme prevents binding of the substrate and vice versa.
Competitive inhibitor diminishes the rate of catalysis by reducing the proportion of enzyme molecules bound to a substrate; effect can be overcome by a sufficiently high concentration of substrate

Km increase
Vmax same

Question 20

Conjugation (bacterial)

Answer 20

Transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by bridge-like connection between two cell membranes

Question 21

Convergent evolution

Answer 21

Process where two species independently evolve similar structures

Question 22

Cortisol

Answer 22

Steroid hormone produced by adrenal cortex that is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucose. Functions to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis

Question 23

Crossing over

Answer 23

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes

Question 24

Cytoskeleton

Answer 24

Intercellular proteins that help a cell with shape, support, and movement. Cytoskeleton has 3 main structural components: 1. microfilaments 2. intermediate filaments 3. microtubules