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Abd & Superficial Structures 1 > lympth > Flashcards

lympth Flashcards

1
Q

what is the lymphatic system

A

a drainage system that returns extracellular fluid to the body circulation

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2
Q

how many types of extracellular fluid is there and what are they

A

3
plasma
interstitial
lymph

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3
Q

what is plasma

A

the colorless fluid component of blood that seeps through the capillary walls

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4
Q

what is interstitial

A

the plasma that has seeped through the capillary walls and circulates among the body tissue

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5
Q

what is lymph

A

when interstitial fluid drains out of the tissues and enters the lymph ducts

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6
Q

it is similar to the circulatory system but what are the three differences

A

lacks a pump
travels only in one direction
contains lymph nodes

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7
Q

what does it consist of

A

capillaries
vessels
ducts
nodes

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8
Q

where does it course along

A

circulatory system

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9
Q

what are capillaries

A

blind ended structures in the interstitial spaces

consist of single endothelial layer

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10
Q

what do capillaries join together to form

A

larger vessels

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11
Q

what controls the direction of flow in capillaries

A

valves

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12
Q

capallaries are superfical vessles at what level and where do they drain into

A

subcutaneous drain into deep lympthatics

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13
Q

what passes through nodes on the way to the chest

A

deep vessels

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14
Q

in the chest what happens to lymph

A

re-enters the bloodstream

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15
Q

what are lymph nodes an important component of

A

RE system

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16
Q

are lymph nodes distributed throughout the body

A

YES

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17
Q

what is the shape of lymph tissue that is scattered along the lymphatic vessels

A

bean/ovoid

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18
Q

what is the measurements of lymph nodes

A

1mm- 1/2 cm

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19
Q

what are lymph nodes surrounded by

A

A connective tissue capsule

20
Q

what do afferent vessels do

A

drain into the node
carry lymph through the sinuses
filter out/ destroy bacteria and malignant cells
has germinal centers

21
Q

what are germinal centers and what do they do

A

sponge like centers
produce lymphocytes
empty into the lymph prior to leaving the node

22
Q

what are the sinuses lined with

A

phagocytic cells

23
Q

what do efferent vessels do

A

leave only at the hilum

24
Q

lymph nodes are rarely the site of what

A

primary disease

25
Q

the secondary disease may be seen with

A

systemic infections

many neoplasms

26
Q

what are the two major node-bearing areas in the retroperitoneum

A

pelvis- iliac + hypogastric

upper retroperitoneum- paraaortic

27
Q

the lymph chain follows the course of what

A

thoracic aorta
abdominal aorta
iliac arteries

28
Q

what are other lymphatic tissues

A

tonsils
thymus
spleen

29
Q

what do tonsils protect

A

oral region

30
Q

what does the thymus produce and manufacture

A

produces antibodies before puberty

manufactures lymphocytes

31
Q

what does the spleen do

A

filters blood and produces lymphocytes

32
Q

what does lymphatic circulation consist of

A

deep and superficial channels of drainage

33
Q

what are the group of nodes at key locations

A

axillary- upper limbs
cervical- neck
inguinal- lower limbs
intestinal nodes-digestion

34
Q

what is another name for the intestinal nodes

A

peyer’s patch

35
Q

what does the right lymphatic duct drain

A

right upper quadrant

36
Q

what does the left lymphatic ducts drain

A

remaining 3/4 of the body

37
Q

what is another name for the left lymphatic duct

A

thoratic duct

38
Q

what is the physiology of lymph

A 
extracellular fluid formation
similar to blood plasma-higher albumin ratio
low leukocyte count
no erythrocytes
digestive enzymes
39
Q

what is the physiology of lymph flow

A

slow under resting conditions
depends on the kneading action of skeletal muscles
contains valves in larger vessels to prevent backflow

40
Q

what are the functions of lymphatic system

A

phagocytosis
immunity
tissue drainage
excretion

41
Q

what is excreation

A

adsorpation and circulation of end products of fat digestion

42
Q

what is the sonographic appearance of abdomen

A

not usually visualized

43
Q

what is the abdominal nodes measurement

A

<1cm

44
Q

what is the appearance of lymph nodes

A

homogenous

low level echoes

45
Q

what are the pitfalls of lymph nodes in US

A

enlarged para-aortic lymph nodes may mimic aneurysm
bowel gas may obscure our visulization off abnormal nodes
enlarged lymph nodes surrounding vessels may make evaluation of these vessels and their bifurcations difficult
fluid filled areas may obscure enlarged nodes

Abd & Superficial Structures 1 (10 decks)

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