Lymphoma & Leukemia 9-19-14 Flashcards
Define Lymphoma
Clonal neoplasm of mature or immature B-cells, T-cells or natural killer (NK) cells at various stages of differentiation.
*What are the “b symptoms” of lymphoma
fever, chills, sweats, weight loss
Describe Ann Arbour Classification
- Stage 1: earliest (1 lymph node in region)
- Stage 2: 2 lymph nodes in diff regions
- Stage 3: Lymph nodes on both sides of diaphragm
- Stage 4: multiple site involvement (eg. Liver, bone marrow, etc)
Where part of the body do MALT lymphomas affect?
Line digestive tract
What is Ocular Malt Lymphoma associated with?
Chlamydia Psitacci
What is Skin Malt Lymphoma associated with?
Borrelia Burgdorferi
What are complications associated with chemotherapy?
- Cytopenias
- Infections, neutropenic fever
- Bleeding
- Weakness, fatigue
- GI – nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
What is Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Hematopoietic neoplasm composed of Reed-Sternberg cells within a reactive inflammatory cell background.
What type of Lymphoma has a bimodal peak
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
-Age: 15-40 yr and 55-70 yr
What cancer is nodular lymphocyte predominant in?
Hodgkin Lymphoma
- How do you diagnose a Hodgkin Lymphoma?
- Extensional LN biopsy
- REED STEINBERG CELL
Define acute leukemia
Malignant disorder involving myeloid or lymphoid stem cell
Why is it important to treat acute leukemias right away
Becasuse of maturation arrest–> proliferation of less mature cells, blasts
(the cells are too big)
Describe “induction chemotherapy” treatment of AML
- Cytarabine and anthracycline (“7 + 3”) if no remission re-induction with chemotherapy
- Consolidation – cytarabine (3-4 cycles) or “5+2” in older age group
What is the treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia?
ATRA
What is a side effect of treatment for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia?
- Cerebellar toxicity
- Neutropenic fever management
What are the types of chronic leukemias?
CML & CLL
*What is used for treatment of CML?
- *Imatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
- Allogenic stem cell transplant
*What cell is associated with CLL?
Smudge cells
How can blasts affect CML?
They can cause leukocytosis
Define Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
A group of malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by: ctyopenias, dysplasia, risk of AML development
What are the characteristics of MDS cells?
Dysplastic cells that don’t function properly
*What treatment is used for MDS?
-Erythropoeitin
-Transfusions
-Chemotherapy
(Hypomethylating agents eg. Azacytidine)
Describe the pathophysiology of CML
Break in chromosome 9 and 12 occur and then they join together (Philidelphia chromosome)
