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2nd U2 Path > Lymphoma > Flashcards

Lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

A neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid cells that forms a mass…

A

Lymphoma

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of lymphoma?

A

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (60%)

Hodgkin Lymphoma (40%)

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3
Q

What characteristics are used to classify difference types of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A 
Cell type (B or T)
Cell size
Pattern of cell growth
Expression of surface markers
Cytogenetic translocations
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4
Q

What are the non-Hodgkin lymphomas composed of small B cells?

A

Follicular lymphoma
Mantle cells lymphoma
Marginal zone lymphoma
Small lymphocytic lymphoma

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5
Q

Name the non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of intermediate-sized B-cells…

A

Burkitt lymphoma

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6
Q

Name the non-Hodgkin lymphoma composed of large B cells…

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

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7
Q

What are the malignant cells seen in non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Lymphoid cells

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8
Q

What are the malignant cells seen in Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

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9
Q

What cells make op the mass seen with non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Lymphoid cells

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10
Q

What cells make up the mass seen with Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Reactive cells—inflammatory cells and fibrosis

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11
Q

Does Non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma present as a painless lymphadenopathy in late adulthood?

A

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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12
Q

Does Non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma present as a painless lymphadenopathy in young adulthood?

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

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13
Q

A neoplastic proliferation of small B cells that form follicle-like nodules?

A

Follicular lymphoma

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14
Q

What mutation drives follicular lymphoma?

A

14;18 translocation

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15
Q

What genes are translocated causing follicular lymphoma?

A

BCL2 on chromosome 18

Ig heavy chain locus on 14

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16
Q

What is the result of the 14;18 translocation seen in follicular lymphoma?

A

Overexpression of BCL2—inhibiting apoptosis, especially within the follicular region

17
Q

What is used for the treatment of follicular lymphoma?

A

Treatment begins when patients have symptoms with low-dose chemotherapy or rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody

18
Q

What can follicular lymphoma progress into, presenting as an enlarging lymph node?

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

19
Q

What are the 4 distinct characteristics of follicular lymphoma differentiated it from reactive follicular hyperplasia?

A

Disruption of normal lymph node architecture
Lack of tangible body macrophages in germinal centers
BCL2 expression in follicles
Monoclonality

20
Q

A neoplastic expansion of the region immediately adjacent to the follicular region of a lymph node?

A

Mantle cell lymphoma

21
Q

What is the driver mutation seen with mantle cell lymphoma?

A

11;14 translocation

22
Q

What genes are translocated with the t(11;14) translocation seen with mantle cell lymphoma?

A

Cyclin D1 gene from chromosome 11 translocates to Ig heavy chain locus on chromosome 14

23
Q

What does the overexpression of Cyclin D1 promote, which causes mantle cell lymphoma?

A

G1→S transition within the cell cycle, causing neoplastic proliferation

24
Q

What is marginal zone lymphoma?

A

Neoplastic proliferation of small B-cells expanding the marginal zone within a lymph node

25
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis, Sjogren syndrome and H pylori gastritis are all seen in association with marginal zone lymphoma. What do these diseases have in common that causes the marginal zone lymphoma?

A

Chronic inflammatory state

26
Q

What forms the marginal zone of a lymph node?

A

Post-germinal center B cells

27
Q

What is MALToma?

A

Marginal zone lymphoma that is within mucosal sites

28
Q

A neoplastic proliferation of intermediate-sized B cells?

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

29
Q

What virus is associated with Burkitt lymphoma?

A

EBV

30
Q

What lymphoma classically presents as an extranodal mass in a child or young adult?

A

Burkitt lymphoma

31
Q

What are the two forms of Burkitt lymphoma?

A

African form

Sporadic form

32
Q

The African form of Burkitt lymphoma typically involves the ______.

A

Jaw

33
Q

The sporadic form of Burkitt lymphoma typically involves the ______.

A

Abdomen

34
Q

What translocation drives the development of Burkitt lymphoma?

A

T(8:14)

35
Q

What genes translocate with Burkitt lymphoma?

A

c-myc on chromosome 8 translocates with Ig heavy chain locus on chromosome 14

36
Q

What does the overexpression of c-myc promote, which causes the development of Burkitt lymphoma?

A

Cell growth—c-myc is an oncogene

37
Q

What are the characteristic findings seen on microscopy with Burkitt lymphoma?

A

High mitotic index

Starry-sky appearance

38
Q

What is the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that involves the neoplastic proliferation of large B cells that grow in sheets?

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

39
Q

What are the two causes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma?

A

Sporadic

Transformation of a low-grade lymphoma, such a follicular lymphoma

2nd U2 Path (31 decks)

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