Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2nd U2 Path > Leukopenia and Leukocytosis > Flashcards

Leukopenia and Leukocytosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is a normal white blood cell count?

A

5-10 K/uL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is it called when there is a low WBC count (

A

Leukopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is it called when there is a high WBC count (>10K)?

A

Leukocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of neutropenia?

A

Drug toxicity

Severe infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the mechanism of for neutropenia seen with drug toxicity?

A

Damage to stem cells→ decreased production of WBCs, especially neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the mechanism for neutropenia see with severe infections?

A

Increased number of neutrophils in the tissues leads to decreased circulating neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for neutropenia?

A

GM-CSF or G-CSF—boost granulocyte production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 major causes of lymphopenia?

A

Immunodeficiency
High cortisol state
Autoimmune destruction
Whole body radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does a high cortisol state induce lymphopenia?

A

Causes apoptosis of lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What cells are highly sensitive to radiation and cause a specific type of leukopenia?

A

Lymphocytes—causing lymphopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 major causes of neutrophilic leukocytosis?

A

Bacterial infection
Tissue necrosis
High cortisol state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does a bacterial infection or tissue necrosis cause neutrophilic leukocytosis?

A

They induce the release of marginated pool and bone marrow neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a left shift of neutrophils seen with a bacterial infection or with tissue necrosis?

A

Immature neutrophils are released from the bone marrow causing the left shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What characterizes the immature neutrophils that are released from the bone marrow during a bacterial infection or tissue necrosis?

A

Decreased Fc receptor CD 16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does a high cortisol state cause neutrophilic leukocytosis?

A

A high cortisol state impairs leukocyte adhesion—causing a release of marginated pool of neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 2 causes of monocytosis?

A

Chronic inflammatory state

Malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are 3 causes of Eosinophilia?

A

Allergic rections
Parasitic infections
Hodgkin Lymphoma

18
Q

What causes the eosinophilia seen with Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

Increased production of IL5

19
Q

What disease is basophilia classically seen with?

A

Chronic myeloid leukemia

20
Q

What are the 2 major causes of lymphocytic leukocytosis?

A

Viral infections

Bordetella pertussis infection

21
Q

What is the mechanism for lymphocytic leukocytosis seen with a viral infection?

A

T lymphocytes undergo hyperplasia when the cells are infected with the virus

22
Q

What causes lymphocytic leukocytosis when an individual is infected with Bordetella perussis?

A

The bacteria produces lymphocytosis-promoting factor. This blocks the circulating lymphocytes form leaving the blood and entering the lymph nodes.

23
Q

What are the stem cells that differentiate to form WBCs?

A

Hematopoietic CD34+ Stem cells

24
Q

What are the 2 arms of WBC development?

A

Myeloid stem cell

Lymphoid stem cell

25
Q

What can lymphoid stem cells differentiate in to?

A

Plasma cells

CD8+ and CD4+ T cells

26
Q

What can myeloid stem cells differentiate into?

A 
RBCs
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Monocytes
Megakaryocytes
27
Q

What are the two viral infections that can cause infectious mononucleosis?

A

EBV

CMV

28
Q

Infection by EBV causing lymphocytic leukocytosis comprised of reactive CD8+ T cells

A

Infectious mononucleosis

29
Q

How is EBV transmitted?

A

Transmitted by saliva—called the kissing disease

30
Q

Where are the primary sites of infection seen with EBV?

A

Oropharynx
Liver
B-cells

31
Q

An EBV infection of the oropharynx results in ________.

A

Pharyngitis

32
Q

What results when an EBV infection occurs in the liver?

A

Hepatitis with hepatomegaly and elevated liver enzymes

33
Q

With infectious mononucleosis CD8+ T-cells cause generalized lymphadenopathy. What is the cause of this abnormal process?

A

T-cell hyperplasia in the lymph node paracortex

34
Q

Where is the location of T-cell hyperplasia seen with infectious mononucleosis causing generalized lymphadenopathy?

A

Within the lymph node paracortex

35
Q

What causes splenomegaly seen with infectious mononucleosis?

A

T-cell hyperplasia within the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)

36
Q

What test is used for screening of infectious mononucleosis?

A

Monospot test

37
Q

What does the monospot test, used to screen for infectious mononucleosis, detect?

A

IgM antibodies that cross-react with a heterophile antibody (horse or sheep RBCs)

38
Q

If a negative monospot test is obtain, what should one consider as the cause of infectious mononucleosis?

A

CMV

39
Q

How is a definitive diagnosis made with infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV?

A

Serologic testing for the EBV viral capsid antigen

40
Q

Why should patients who have been diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis within the last year avoid contact sports?

A

These patients are at an increased risk of splenic rupture

41
Q

What can patients with infectious mononucleosis develop if exposed to ampicillin?

A

A rash

42
Q

Dormancy of the EBV within B-cells can put patients at risk of developing what 2 complications?

A

Increased risk of recurrence of infectious mononucleosis

Increased risk of B-cell lymphoma

2nd U2 Path (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions