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Immunology > Lymphoid tissues > Flashcards

Lymphoid tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are lymphoid organs?

A

Organs where lymphocyte production, maturation and differentiation occur

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2
Q

What takes place at primary/central lymphoid tissues?

A

Lymphocytes are generated/mature

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3
Q

What takes pace at secondary lymphoid tissues?

A

Lymphocytes interact with antigen presenting cells

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4
Q

Give examples of primary LTs

A 
Bone marrow
Thymus 
Bursa of fabrics (birds)
Peyer's patch (not in cat)
Appendix (caecal patch in rabbits)
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5
Q

Give examples of secondary lymphoid tissue

A

Lymph nodes and vessels
MALT - mucosal associated lymphoid tissue
Spleen

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6
Q

In the foetus, where is the source of lymphocytes?

A

Yolk sac then liver

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7
Q

Where is the thymus? What happen where?

A

Small organ near the heart

T lymphocytes maturation and selection

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8
Q

What are T cells called as they enter and leave the thymus?

A

Immature thymocytes

Leave as mature T cells

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9
Q

In what age people is the thymus active? What happens with age?

A

Active in young

Shrinks and atrophies - produces fewer mature T-cells

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10
Q

The thymus produces thymic hormones to support the growth and differentiation required to produce T cells. What are these hormones?

A

Thymosin
Thymulin
Thymopoietin

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11
Q

What cells are found in the thymus?

A 
Mature T- cells 
Thymocytes
Epithelial cells
Dendritic cells 
Hassall corpuscles
Many fat areas
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12
Q

What are Hassall’s corpuscles composed of? Where in the body are they found?

A

Non-secreting epithelial cells in concentric, keratinised layers
Only in thymus

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13
Q

In the cortex, thymocytes mature to adult T lymphocytes. They then migrate to the medulla, what happens here?

A

Thymic selection - majority die

Survivors become functional T cells and go into circulation to secondary lymphoid tissue

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14
Q

Describe the structure of a lymph node

A

Afferent lymphatic vessel entering
Efferent lymphatic vessel leaving
Cortex and medulla
Germinal centre within secondary lymphoid follicle

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15
Q

In what stage do lymph nodes develop? What do they do?

A

Late foetal
Drain fluid and antigens from tissues into afferent lymphatics
Encounter antigens - activate and proliferate lymphocytes
Organs enlarge
Lymphocytes returns to circulation via efferent lymphatic and thoracic duct

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16
Q

What are the 3 histological areas to a lymph node? Which cells are present in each area?

A

Cortex (B cell area)
Paracortex (T-cell area and HEVs)
Medulla (T and B cell area)

17
Q

How is lymph fluid (fluid in lymphatic vessels into lymphoid tissues) formed?

A

Fluid filtered out of capillaries

Drains into lymphatic vessels

18
Q

What happens to lymph after passing through secondary lymphoid tissues?

A

Drains into venous blood

19
Q

What are high endothelial venues? When are they increased?

A

Venules composed of tall rounded endothelial cells

Increased after antigen stimulation

20
Q

What do high endothelial venues do? Where are they found?

A

Allow naive lymphocytes to enter lymph node but no other cells
Paracortex of lymph node

21
Q

Where are naive lymphocytes found? Where is the response started? Is it a fast or slow response?

A

Lymph nodes, spleen
At the lymph nodes which are draining the site of exposure
Slow

22
Q

Where are mature lymphocytes found? Where is the response started? Is it a fast or slow response?

A

MALT
Local site of antigen exposure
Fast

23
Q

The spleen consists of two pulps. What are these and what do they contain?

A

Red pulp = open sinusoids containing RBCs

White pulp = lymphocytes

24
Q

What colour does white pulp stain with H&E?

A

Blue

25
Q

Where is MALT found?

A 
GI tract
Respiratory tract
Genital urinary tract
Peyer's patches 
Appendix 
Tonsils
26
Q

What do mucosa associated lymphoid tissues contain? Which two areas particularly?

A

Very dense areas of lymphocytes

Bronchioles and SI

27
Q

What cells are found in the tonsil? Is there a capsule, afferent lymphatic, lymphoid follicles and germinal centres?

A

Macrophages and lymphocytes
No capsule
No afferent lymphatic vessel
Yes to lymphoid follicles and germinal centres

28
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches found?

A

Submucosa of ileum

29
Q

What is the function of germinal centres of Peyer’s patches?

A

Sites of antibody productions

Immunology (16 decks)

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