Immunodeficiencies Flashcards
What is an immunodeficiency?
One or several parts of the immune system are dysfunctional
What are the differences between a primary and secondary immunodeficiency?
Primary - genetic or congenital (can be hereditary)
Secondary - due to other factors e.g. drugs or infection
What is the outcome of autosomal recessive immunodeficiencies? How are these reduced?
Shortened lifespan - often fatal to neonates
Don’t breed affected animals (difficult to tell which animals are carriers as they are clinically normal)
What breeds of dog and sheep are prone to C3 deficiencies?
Brittany Spaniels
Finnish landrace lambs
Give an example of a primary immunodeficiencies caused by phagocytic defects. What species dos this affect?
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Cattle, cat and mink
Another example - leucocyte adhesion deficinency
What breeds of dogs and cattle are prone to leucocyte adhesion deficiency?
Irish setters - CLAD
Holstein cattle - BLAD
What causes LAD?
Mutation change - cysteine to serine
Phagocyte deficiency caused by failure of granulocytes to leave blood and enter infection site
What is SCID? What species does it affect?
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Horses and dogs
What is equine SCID? What does it cause?
No functional T or B cells
Foals become sick after MDA gone from circulation
Causes overwhelming infections and death
What is Canine X-SCID?
Low numbers of lymphocytes in the thymus, no IgG or IgA
Normal IgM
Why does canine SCID not affect both genders?
X-linked and recessive
Females are carriers, disease only seen in males (males only need 1 affected X chromosome to have disease)
What tissues do secondary immunodeficiencies affect? What is the biggest cause of this?
Primary or secondary lymphoid tissue
Retroviruses
