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B4 Anatomy > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

The lymphatic system carries out the immune response through a network of lymphatic vessels that collect _________ from the body’s interstitial spaces, filters the fluids through the _______________ and returns it to the _______________.

A

Lymph

Lymph nodes

Bloodstream

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2
Q

What’s the difference between interstitial fluid and lymph?

A

Not much, just location.

When the fluid leaves the interstitial space and enters the lymphatic vessels, it becomes the lymph.

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3
Q

What are lacteals?

A

Specialized lymphatic capillaries

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4
Q

Where are lacteals and what do they do?

A

These specialized lymphatic capillaries are in the lining of the small intestine (fingerlike projections) and they absorb lipids from the intestinal tract

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5
Q

When lymph is in the lacteals, what is it called?

A

Chyle.

Creamy white in color

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6
Q

3 functions of the lymphatic system

A
  1. Drains excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces
  2. Transports dietary lipids form the GI tract to the blood
  3. Protects against invasion through the immune responses
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7
Q

Besides lymph, the lymphatic system consists of:

A

Lymphatic capillaries
Lymphatic vessels
Agranular leukocytes called lymphocytes (t,b,natural killer)
Thymus and spleen
Lymph nodes
Lymphoid nodules (peyers patches, tonsils, appendix)

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8
Q

Lymphatic vessels begin as…

A

Closed ended vessels called lymphatic capillaries in spaces between tissues

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9
Q

If lymphatic vessels are in the viscera, they run along…

A

Arteries

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10
Q

If lymphatic vessels are in the subcutaneous tissue, they run along…

A

Veins

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11
Q

Where are lymphatic vessels absent from?

A

CNS
Bone marrow
Teeth
Avascular tissues (cornea, epidermis, hyaline cartilage)

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12
Q

What are the lymphatic vessel valves for?

A

To prevent the backward flow of the lymph

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13
Q

How are lymphatic vessels similar to veins?

A

They both have valves to prevent backflow

Consist of the same 3 tunics, but calls are thinner and poorly defined in lymph vessels

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14
Q

Lymphatic vessels receive nutrients from…

A

Vasa vasorum

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15
Q

What has a larger diameter, lymph vessels or veins?

A

Lymph vessels

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16
Q

Collagenous type fibers extending from the endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries to surrounding tissue space

A

Anchoring filaments

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17
Q

Flow pattern of lymph

A 
Interstitial spaces (as interstitial fluid)
To
Lymph capillaries (as lymph)
To
Lymphatic vessels (as lymph)
To
Lymphatic trunks (as lymph)
To
Lymphatic ducts (as lymph)
To
Subclavian veins (as blood plasma)
To
Arteries (as blood plasma)
To
Blood capillaries (as blood plasma)
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18
Q

What is a lymphatic trunk? How many are there?

A

Where the lymphatic vessels merge.

9

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19
Q

What are the nine major lymphatic trunks?

A 
Pairs:
Lumbar
Jugular
Subclavian
Bronchomediastinal

Single:
Intestinal trunk

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20
Q

What’s another name for the thoracic duct?

A

Left lymphatic duct

21
Q

What makes up the cisterna chyli?

A

Intestinal trunk + right lumbar trunk + left lumbar trunk

22
Q

Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct drains lymph into the…

A

Right and left subclavian veins

23
Q

The flow of lymph from tissue spaces is maintained by…..(2)

A
  1. Primarily by the contraction of skeletal muscles

2. One-way valves

24
Q

Primary lymphatic structures of the body

A

Red bone marrow and the thymus gland

Because they produce T-cells, B-cells and Natural killer cells

25
Q

Major secondary lymphatic structures

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic nodules

Where most immune responses occur

26
Q

Agranular leukocytes

A

Lymphocytes

T-cells, b-cells, and natural killer cells

27
Q

Lymphocytes that attack fungi, transplanted cells, and cancer cells

A

T-cells

28
Q

Lymphocytes that destroy bacteria

A

B-cells

29
Q

Lymphocytes that attack certain spontaneously arising tumor cells

A

Natural killer cells

30
Q

Thymus

A

Does NOT provide a filtering function, like lymph nodes, since there are NO afferent lymphatic vessels leading into the thymus.

Afferent = arrive
Efferent = exiting
31
Q

Function of thymus

A

Promote the maturation of t-cells (they migrate from the red bone marrow to the thymus cortex, then to thymus medulla)

Secretes thymosin (assists in promotion and maturation of T-cells)

32
Q

Why does the spleen not provide a filtering function? Like the thymus

A

There are not afferent lymphatic vessels leading into the spleen

33
Q

2 areas of the spleen

A
  1. White pulp (mostly b-cells)

2. Red pulp (venous sinuses filled with blood, and splenic/Billroth’s cords that lie between sinuses)

34
Q

Function of white pulp in spleen

A

The site of B-cell proliferation into plasma cells

35
Q

Function of red-pulp in spleen

A

Carries out the main function of the spleen which is phagocytosis of bacteria and worn out or damaged red blood cells and platelets

Also functions as reservoir for blood platelets

36
Q

Where the lymph nodes heavily concentrated

A

Inguinal, axillary, and mammary

37
Q

Lymph nodes are specialized into 2 regions

A

Cortex = outer region, t cells and immature b cells

Medulla = inner region of mature b cells

38
Q

Germinal centers in lymph nodes

A

Contain masses of actively proliferating lymphocytes

39
Q

Medullary cords of lymph nodes

A

Thin inward extension, from the cortex toward the hilum, of t cells, b cells, and macrophages

40
Q

Afferent lymphatic vessels

A

Carry lymph from tissues to the lymph nodes

Enter the convex side of the node

ARRIVING

41
Q

Efferent lymphatic vessels

A

Carry lymph from the hilum (concave side of a node) to venous circulation

EXITING

42
Q

Where is the subcapsular sinus?

A

Between the capsule and cortex of the lymph nodes

43
Q

Direction of lymph flow in lymph nodes

A 
From subcapsular sinus
Through cortex via cortical sinuses
Through medulla via medullary cords
Into hilum
Exit lymph node via efferent lymph vessels
44
Q

What are the functions of the lymph nodes?

A

ONLY lymphatic tissue that filters lymph

Foreign substances are filtered from lymph before it passes back to blood (due to macrophages by phagocytosis of immune response)

plasma cells and t cells that have proliferated within a lymph node also leave and circulate to other parts of the body

45
Q

Lymphatic nodules

A

Are NOT surrounded by a capsule
Clusters that guard in all mucous membranes
MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)

46
Q

Example of lymphatic nodules:

A

Peyers Patches.

In mucosa lining the lieu of the small intestine

47
Q

Other examples of lymphatic nodules

A

Paryngeal tonsil/adenoid, two palatine tonsils, and two lingual tonsils

48
Q

Lymphatic nodules and the large intestine

A

Contains a large grouping of lymphatic nodules (located in lamina propria of mucosa)

B4 Anatomy (10 decks)

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