Intergumentary System

Question 1

What is the integumentary system? What does it do?

Answer 1

Skin

Covers the entire surface of the body and is the largest organ of the body in terms of its weight and volume

Question 2

Accessory structures of the skin

Answer 2

Hair, nails, and 3 types of glands (sebaceous, sweat, and apocrine)

Question 3

Tissue types of the skin

Answer 3

Epithelium, CT, muscles, blood vessels, and nervous

Question 4

6 functions of the skin

Answer 4

1. Protection
2. Prevention (of dehydration)
3. Regulation (of body temp)
4. Sensation
5. Production of vitamin D
6. Immunological

Question 5

2 basic layers of the skin

Answer 5

Epidermis and dermis

Question 6

Maximally keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 6

Epidermis

Question 7

Cells that form the epidermis

Answer 7

Keratinocytes

Question 8

Deepest layer of the epidermis, borders the dermis

Answer 8

Stratum basale

Question 9

What type of cells lie on the basement membrane of stratum basale?

Answer 9

Single layer of cuboidal or tall cuboidal cells

Question 10

How long does it take for the stem cells of the stratum basale to replace the epidermis?

Answer 10

3 to 4 weeks

Question 11

What 3 special cells types are in the stratum basale?

Answer 11

1. Keratinocyte stem cells
2. Melanocytes
3. Merkel cells/disks

Question 12

Melanin producing cells found in the stratum basale

Answer 12

Melanocytes

Question 13

Sensory receptor cells, which respond to continuous touch stimuli, found in the stratum basale

Answer 13

Merkel cells/disks

Question 14

Layer of the epidermis that contains polyhedral keratinocytes, which become more flattened in the superficial part of this layer

Answer 14

Stratum spinosum

Question 15

The plasma membrane of neighboring cells in the stratum spinosum is connected by..

Answer 15

Desmosomes (macula adherens)

Question 16

Modified macrophages that are found in the stratum spinosum

Answer 16

Langerhans cells

Question 17

Layer of the skin that contains flattened cells with kerato-hyalin granules in their cytoplasm

Answer 17

Stratum granulosum

Question 18

Where is stratum granulosum more prominent?

Answer 18

In thick skin than thin skin

Question 19

What basophilic cell type is found in the stratum granulosum?

Answer 19

Kerato-hyalin granules

Question 20

Thin layer only found in thick skin

Answer 20

Stratum lucidum

Densely packed

Question 21

Most superficial layer of the epidermis

Answer 21

Stratum corneum

Question 22

The stratum corneum has cells that are completely filled with _________ and do not contain any ____________ or ___________.

Answer 22

Keratin

Nuclei or organelles

Therefore they’re dead. Constantly shed

Question 23

CT layer just deep to the epidermis

Answer 23

Dermis

Question 24

The dermis contains..

Answer 24

1. Blood vessels
2. Nerves
3. Afferent sensory receptors

Question 25

What types of afferent sensory receptors are found in the dermis?

Answer 25

Meissner corpuscles and free nerve endings

Question 26

Transition/subcutaneous layer below the dermis of the skin

Answer 26

Hypodermis

Question 27

Hypodermis contains…

Answer 27

1. LCT
2. Adipose tissue
3. Nerves
4. Arteries
5. Veins