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IHO > Lymphatic system > Flashcards

Lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary lymphatic tissues?

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

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2
Q

What are the secondary or peripheral lymphatic tissues?

A

Spleen
LN
-Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue or nodular non-encapsulated lymphatic tissues

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3
Q

What are the components of lymphoid tissues?

A

Stroma

Lymphoid cells

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4
Q

What is the stroma of the lymphatic tissues made up of?

A

Cells and reticular fibers

  • Reticular cells (fibroblasts)
  • Macs
  • DC
  • FDC
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5
Q

How would you diff lymph nodes from nodules?

A

smaller

  • no capsule
  • nodules have no filter because no connection with lymphatic vessel
  • its still a localized production of lymphoctyes
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6
Q

What does a 1’ lymphatic nodule look like and how would one tell it apart from a 2’?

A
  • dark staining spherical balls

- where 2’ contain a reaction germinal center

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7
Q

what are some other features of 2’ lymphatic nodules?

A
  • Appear after birth
  • antigen dependent
  • thymus required for dev
  • numerous in childhood then decline
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8
Q

Where can nodules appear?

A

spleen
solitary
LN
-NOT THE THYMUS

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9
Q

What are some examples of non-encapsulated nodular lymphatic tissues?

A

Tonsil
- Palatine, lingual, tubal and pharngeal
Peyer’s patches
Appendix

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10
Q

What are some functions of non-encapsulated lymphatic tissues?

A

Trapping antigen

  • destruction of antigen
  • selection of memory lymphocytes
  • B-Cell proliferation
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11
Q

What are the encapsulated lymphatic tissues?

A

LN
Spleen
Thymus

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12
Q

What are some unique qualities of lymph nodes?

A

only organ located in course of lymphatic vessels

  • only 1 with lymphatic sinuses
  • only 1 that filters lymph
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13
Q

What is responsible for the filtering of lymph?

A

Macs

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14
Q

What are some morphological features of LN?

A

Capsules
Trabeculae
Stroma
Endothelial cells

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15
Q

What are the 2 division of the LN?

A

Cortex and Medulla

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16
Q

What are the subdivisions of the cortex of LN’s?

A

Superficial
Mid
Deep (paracotex)

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17
Q

What is the thymus dependent zone found?

A

Deep cortex

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18
Q

how do lymphocytes leave the LN?

A

Via efferent lymphatics at hilus (called recirculating lymphocytes then)

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19
Q

What is the flow of lymph?

A

Afferent Lymphatic vessels

  • subcapsular sinus
  • trabecular sinus
  • paracortical sinus
  • medullary sinus
  • efferent lympmhatic vessel
20
Q

What is HEV?

A

High endothelial venule

  • thickened endothelium that only lymphocytes can cross
  • then these lymphocytes can recirculate
21
Q

What is the blood flow through LN’s?

A

Arterial vessels (Hilus)

  • trabecular vessels
  • arterioles and capillaries
  • post capillary venules
  • venous vessels (hilus)
22
Q

What is the purpose of thymic hormones on HEV?

A

Needed for maintenance and formation of HEV

23
Q

Where can lymphocytes divide that RBC’s and granulocytes cannot?

A

Nodules

24
Q

What are the function of the lymph node?

A

Filers lymph via macs
lymphocyte production
antibody production (plasma cells)

25
Q

When is the thymus largest proportionally?

A

in the first 2 year of life

- increase in size till puberty and less after that

26
Q

What is the development of the thymus?

A

Endoderm via 3rd brachial pouch

27
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

Beneath sternum on upper ant thoracic wall

- anteriosuperior mediastinum

28
Q

where would you find Hassall’s corpuscles and what do they look like?

A

Medulla of thymus

- Keratinized

29
Q

What are the major suppliers of the thymus in terms of arterial supply?

A

Internal thoracic and inferior thyroid

30
Q

What is the purpose of the blood- thymus barrier and how is it kept?

A

Prevents antigens in blood stream from entering the thymic cortex

  • Endothelial cell tight junctions
  • basal lamina of endothelial cells
  • perivascular (CT) space
  • epithelial reticular cells with desmosomes
31
Q

What is the spleen?

A

largest lymphatic organ

  • no afferent lymphatic vessels
  • efferent lymphatic vessles present
  • no lymph sinuses
  • filters blood and lymph
32
Q

What can take over function of spleen if lost?

A

BM and liver

33
Q

Does the spleen have a medulla or cortex?

A

No

  • capsuled by smooth muscle
  • thick ct trabeculae
  • splenic pulp white and red
  • hilus
34
Q

What is splenic pulp?

A

Consists of blood cells embedded in and supported by reticular fiber stromal network
- 2 types (red & white)

35
Q

What are the compartments of white pulp?

A

Periarterial lymphatic sheaths (PALs)

- Splenic (lymphatic) nodules

36
Q

Where are T cells mainly contained in the pulp?

A

PALs

- splenic contains primarily B-cells (scattered throughout)

37
Q

What the the subdivisions of the red pulp?

A
  • Splenic sinuses (sinusoids)
  • Splenic cords (billroth cord)
  • Marginal Zone
38
Q

What are the splenic sinuses?

A

Vascular passageways

lined by specialized enothelial cells

39
Q

What are splenic cords?

A

Located between the sinuses

- contain RBC’s, granulocytes, lymphocytes. macs, platelets, plasma cells, reticular cells and fibers

40
Q

What is the marginal zone?

A

transitional zone between red and while pulp
- small blood vessels dump their blood into this area
-

41
Q

Where do closed circulation terminate?

A

Open into sinusoids

42
Q

Where doe open circulation of the spleen terminate?

A

open into red pulp

43
Q

What are sinusoids?

A

Consist of elongated and narrow endothelial cells

- supported by basement membrane and reticular fibers that encircle the sinusoid

44
Q

WHat are the splenic immune functions?

A

APC

  • activation and prolif of B and T cells
  • production of antibodies against antigen in blood
  • removal of macromolecular antigens from blood
45
Q

What are the spleens hemopoietic functions?

A

remove and destruct abnormal RBC’s and platelets

  • retrieval of iron from hemoglobin
  • formation of RBC’s and granulocytes during fetal life
  • store blood (RBC’s and platelets)

IHO (10 decks)

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