lymphatic system Flashcards
since the immune system is not an organ system, what is it
a cell population that inhabits all organs and defends the body
the lymphatic system:
is a network of organs and vein like vessels that recovers fluid from what type of filtrate
what does it inspect it for
what responses does it activate
where does it return the fluid
capillary
disease agents
immune
bloodstream
what type of fluid is lymph similar to
what macromolecule does it have very little of
what type of fluid is it considered BEFORE it enters lymphatic capillaries and vessels
it differs in chemical composition in different places in the body such as in the intestines where it is more _____ and after lymph nodes where it has more ____ cells
plasma
protein
extracellular
creamy, lymph cells
what transport lymph
lymphatic vessels
what two things are lymphatic tissues an aggregate of and populate many organs in the body
lymphocytes
macrophages
in lymphatic organs:
what are especially concentrated here
what are they separated by surrounding organs with
defense cells
connective tissue capsules
does fluid continually filter form the blood capillaries into the tissue spaces
what % do blood capillaries reabsorb
what % of the water enter the lymphatic system and are returned to blood
what % of plasma proteins enter the lymphatic system and are returned to blood
15%
50%
what does excess filtered fluid pick up from tissues (2)
where does it pass through and what stands guard against it
what response is activated if needed
foreign cells and chemicals
lymph nodes, immune cells
immune response
3 functions of lymphatic system
immunity
fluid recovery
lipid absorbtion
- what is another name for a teeny tiny lymphatic capillary
- where are they
- do they have dead ends
- what does the fat from the small intestine get packed into by the golgi apparatus
how do (4) get into the (1)
lacteal
small intestine
yes
chylomicron
pressure causes shingles on the lacteals to open so that chylomicrons can flow into them and the fat is absorbed
how do lymphatic capillaries stick onto other capillaries
anchoring filaments
what tunica are valves in in lymphatic vessels
interna
is there pressure form the heart for lymphatic vessels
where does the right lymphatic duct drain into
where does lymph fluid go from the inferior part of the body
where does it go from there ^
where does it go from there ^
(left takes the CTL)
no
the right subclavian vein
cysterna chylie
thoracic duct
left subclavian vein
what is the gliac cell and lymphatic system called together in the brain
glymphatic system
what are the lymphatic vessels in the brain called
what do they do
meningeal lymphatic vessels
products filtered from the blood brain barrier flow into them
does lymph flow at a higher or lower pressure than venous return
how is it moved along
what happens to the vessels to stimulate this
what body pump aids this flow
what type of vessel squeezes these vessels
what specific pump aids from from abdominal to thoracic cavity
where does rapidly flowing blood draw lymph into it
what increases lymphatic return
lower
rhythmic contractions
stretching of vessels
skeletal-muscle
arterial
thoracic
subclavian
exercise
what type of lymphatic cells are antibacterial
neutrophils
what type of lymphatic cells are large lymphocytes that attack bacteria, transplanted tissue, and host cells
natural killers
what type of lymphatic cells mature in the thymus
T cells
what type of lymphatic cells’ activation causes proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells that produce antibodies
B cells
what type of lymphatic cells are branched and found in the epidermis, mucous membranes and lymphatic organs
dendritic
what type of lymphatic cells alert the immune system to pathogens that have breached the body surface
dendritic
what type of lymphatic cells are branched stationary cells that contribute to the storma of a lymphatic organ
reticular
what are the phagocytic cells of connective tissue
what 2 things do they develop from
they phagocytize what 4 things
they are _____-presenting cells
macrophages
monocytes or other macrophages
debris, bacteria, dead neutrophils, foreign matter
antigen
what is the simplest form of lymphatic tissue
where are they prevalent and scattered (4)
they are _____-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)
diffuse lympahtic tissue
digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts
mucosa
what are dense masses of lymphocytes and macrophages that congregate in response to pathogens and go away when pathogens are neutralized
they are a feature of what 3 things
aggregated ones of dense clusters are found in what part of the small intestine (distal), and what are these patches called
lymphatic nodules
lymph nodes, appendix, tonsils
ileum, Peyers patches
what are the 2 primary lymphatic organs
this is where what two types of lymphocytes become immunocompetent
define immunocompetent
red bone marrow
thymus
T and B cells
recognize and respond to antigens
what are the 3 secondary lymphatic organs
what type of cells populate these areas
lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen
immunocompetent
what is involved in both hemoatopoesis and immunity
red bone marrow
what is a member of the endocrine, lymphatic, and immune system
what does it house
how does the hormones it secrete relate to the lymphatic system
where is it located
what happens to it with age
thymus
developing lymphocytes
it regulates the lymphocyte activity
superiore mediastinum
degeneration
what are the most numerous lymphatic organs
how many are there is a young adult
what are its 2 functions
lymph nodes
450
cleanse lymph
T and B cell activation
what is the depression in a lymph node called where fluid flows out (what makes it bean shaped)
what is a lymph node enclosed in
what divide interior compartments in a lymph node
^ is the ____ of reticular fibers and cells
hilium
fibrous capsule
trabeculae
stroma
does lymph have more or less lymphocytes after going through a node
more
notable places where we have lymph nodes names
neck
armpits
chest
small intestine
groin
behind knees
cervical
auxiliary
thoracic around lungs
Peyers patches
urinary tract
polietal
what is swollen painful node in response to a foreign antigen
lymphadenitis
what is a collective term for all lymph node diseases
lymphadenopathy
what is it called when a cancerous cell breaks free from original tumor and establishes new ones
does this happen easily in lymph vessels
what do these cells do to the first lymph node they encounter
when they destroy the node, is it swollen?firm? painful?
what are 3 treatments for breast cancer
metastasis
yes
lodge in it
yes, yes, no
mastectomy, lumpectomy, removal of axillary nodes as well
what are the 3 kinds of tonsils
pharyngeal
palatine
lingual
what type of tonsils get removed
palatine
what is the palatine tonsil made of
lymphatic nodules
what is the bodies largest lymphatic organ
what are its sinuses filled with in red pulp
what two things surround small branches of the splenic artery in white pulp
spleen
erythrocytes
lymphocytes and macrophages
