Lymphatic And Immunity

Question 1

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

The lymphatic system is a network of TISSUES and ORGANS that help rid the body of toxins, WASTE, and other unwanted materials.

Question 2

What is the Function of the lymphatic system?

Answer 2

The primary function is to TRANSPORT /FILTER LYMPH throughout the body. Draining interstitial fluid and protection.

Question 3

What are the names of the primary lymphatic organs?

Answer 3

The primary lymphatic organs are the -RED BONE MARROW

- the THYMUS .

Question 4

What are the names of the secondary lymphatic organs?

Answer 4

The site WHERE MOST immune RESPONSES occur. ​
They include:

• LYMPH NODES
• SPLEEN
• TONSILS
• LYMPHATIC NODULES (follicles).​

Question 5

What is the Structure of the lymph node?

Answer 5

A lymph node is divided into a Two parts:

• SUPERFICIAL CORTEX (inner/outer cortex)
• a DEEP MEDULLA .

Question 6

Where is the location of B and T lymphocytes?

Answer 6

B cells are located IN the RED BONE MARROW and T cells are located IN the THYMUS .

Question 7

what cell produces antibodies?

Answer 7

LYMPHOCYTES produce antibody secreting plasma cells​.

Question 8

what is the function of the tonsils?

Answer 8

• The tonsils are part of the body’s immune system it PREVENTS PATHOGENS from entering the body THROUGH the PHARYNX .
• The tonsils also contain a lot of white blood cells, which are responsible for killing germs.

Question 9

What are the 3 functions of the spleen?

Answer 9

• macrophages in spleen REMOVE DEFECTIVE BLOOD CELLS and platelets;
• STORAGE of PLATELETS ,(1/3 of the body’s supply)
• ​ PRODUCTION OF BLOOD CELLS (hemopoiesis) during fetal life

Question 10

What are the types of immunity and the difference between the two types of immunity?

Answer 10

There are two types of immunity INNATE (NON SPECIFIC) and ADAPTIVE.

• Innate immunity refers to defenses that are present at birth.
• The adaptive immune response is specific to the pathogen presented. Adaptive immunity is an IMMUNITY that occurs AFTER EXPOSURE to an ANTIGEN either FROM a previous PATHOGEN or a VACCINATION .

The adaptive immune response is meant to attack non-self pathogens but can sometimes make errors and attack itself.

Question 11

What are the names of five cells that participate in innate and adaptive immunity?
(6 innate responses)

Answer 11

In the innate immune response, there are:
Epithelial barrier (SKIN)
PHAGOCYTES, 
COMPLEMENT , 
NK CELLS, 
MAST CELLS
and DENDRITIC CELLS. 

-Cells involved in the adaptive immune response include: B CELLS , T CELLS & HELPER T cells

Question 12

What are mechanical barriers? examples

Answer 12

• The mechanical barriers are the FIRST line of DEFENSE called the SKIN and MUCOUS MEMBRANES.
• The mechanical barriers physically block pathogens from entering the body.

Question 13

What is chemical protection?

5 barrriers

Answer 13

CHEMICAL BARRIERS DESTROY PATHOGENS at body openings, and on inner body linings VIA BODILY FLUIDS:

SEBUM

LACTIC ACID

VAGINAL JUICE

GASTRIC JUICE

Lysozyme

Question 14

How fever is produced?

Answer 14

Fever is an ABNORMALLY HIGH BODY TEMPERATURE that occurs because the hypothalamic thermostat is reset.

It commonly occurs during infection and inflammation.

Question 15

What is the name of cytokines that produce fever?

Answer 15

Fever-causing cytokines such as INTERLEUKIN-1 is released from MACROPHAGES.

Question 16

What is the major histocompatibility complex?

Answer 16

Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens Located in THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF CELLS are “self-antigens,” (HELPS ID HEALTHY CELLS)

Question 17

What are the different types of T cells and their function?

Answer 17

There are two major types of mature T cells that exit the thymus:

HELPER T CELLS

CYTOTOXIC T CELLS

Question 18

What is the structure of an antibody?

Answer 18

Most antibodies contain:
-4 polypeptide CHAINS

• One pair is called the heavy (H)CHAINS;(each 450 amino acids).
• Other pair is called the light (L)CHAINS, (each 220 amino acids).

Question 19

What are the different types of antibodies?

Answer 19

There are five different classes:
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD.
(Gamed)

Question 20

what antibody can cross the placenta and can be found in body secretion?

Answer 20

IgG Antibodies that cross the placenta before birth.

Question 21

Which cells are targeted by HIV virus?

Answer 21

HIV infects white blood cells in the body’s immune system called T-HELPER CELLS (also called CD4 cells).