Excretory System Flashcards
What are the 3 types of excretory waste products and the organism that excrete those products?
The first is AMMONIA which is a waste product of FISHES. The second is UREA which is a waste product of adult AMPHIBIANS ,SHARKS and MAMMALS . URIC ACID is the waste product of BIRDS, INSECTS, and REPTILES .
What is excretion?
Excretion is the removal of waste products of the metabolisms of LIVING ORGANISM .
What are 5 types of metabolic waste and how they derive?
The five types are :
- WATER,CARBON DIOXIDE ,SALTS,UREA and URIC ACID.
- Water DERIVE from DEHYDRATION synthesis and CELLULAR RESPIRATION ,
- Carbon dioxide DERIVE from CELLULAR RESPIRATION ,
- Salt DERIVE from NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS ,
- UREA DERIVE from DEAMINATION (removal of amino group from amino acids), and uric derives from nucleic acid breakdown.
What are the substances excreted by the skin?
-water, salt and urea
What are the 5 major functions of the kidney?
-The kidney is also a major regulatory organ. it is responsible for:
- removal of organic WASTE,
- Regulation of pH BALANCE of BODY,
- Regulation of Red Blood Cell PRODUCTION,
- Regulation of BLOOD PRESSURE and blood GLUCOSE
What is the structure of the kidney?
5 parts
- Renal Capsule: A smooth semitransparent membrane,
- Renal Cortex: The region of the kidney just below the capsule
- Renal Medulla: The region below the cortex that is segregated into triangular regions,
- Renal Pelvis: A cavity within the kidney that is continuous with the ureter
- Renal pyramids are The triangular regions,
What are the functions of the liver?
5 functions
The primary functions of the liver are:
- BILE PRODUCTION and excretion
- Excretion of BILIRUBIN
- PROCESS HORMONES /DRUGS
- ENZYME activation/METABOLISM
- Storage of GLYCOGEN, VITAMINS , and MINERALS ,
What is a nephron?
A NEPHRON is one of the millions of MICROSCOPIC FILTER that FILTERS BLOOD/ URINE in the kidneys.
what is the process of urine formation?
3 part process
-Occurs in the nephron through three processes:
Glomerular FILTRATION ,
Tubular REABSORPTION,
Tubular SECRETION
What is Glomerular filtration?
What substances can filter and what cannot?
-is the transfer of FLUID and SOLUTES from the GLOMERULAR capillaries into BOWMANS capsule.
What is the renal threshold limit and normal blood glucose level?
- The RENAL THRESHOLD for GLUCOSE is approximately (160 to 190mg/dl)of blood.
- NORMAL blood sugar level LESS THAN (140 mg/dL)
What is Tubular reabsorption?
Tubular reabsorbtion is when MATERIALS which are REQUIRED by the organism are RETURNED to the BLOODSTREAM .
Where: It occurs in the PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE, the LOOP OF HENLE and the DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE .
Where the hormones Aldosterone and ADH work?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Plays a role in Water reabsorption Released by the posterior Lobe of the pituitary.
- ADH Is a hormone MADE BY the HYPOTHALAMUS IN the BRAIN
- ADH Is a hormone STORED in the POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.
What are the 3 substances secreted by renal tubules?
HYDROGEN , POTASSIUM , and AMMONIUM IONS are actively secreted into the TUBULES . This helps to regulate pH.
