Bones (final) Flashcards
What is hydroskeleton?
-a FLUID-FILLED CAVITY, the COELOM, SURROUNDED BY MUSCLES.
What are the name of 4 organisms having hydroskeleton?
- JELLYFISH
- STARFISH ,
- SEA URCHINS
- EARTHWORMS.
What is an exoskeleton?
-An organism having an EXTERNAL SKELETON .
What organisms have an exoskeleton?
-MOLLUSCA & ARTHROPODS
(spiders, earwigs, beetles, snails, shrimp & scallops)
the EXOSKELETON is made of CALCIUM carbonate.
What is an endoskeleton?
-An organism having an INTERNAL SKELETON . The Endoskeleton is made of mineralized bone and cartilage.
What organisms have endoskeletons?
-ECHINODERM & VERTEBRATES
What are the parts of the long bone (Humerus)?
- PROXIMAL epiphysis,
- DISTAL epiphysis,
- METAPHYSIS
- PERIOSTEUM
- ENDOSTEUM
What is the proximal epiphysis?
-The proximal epiphysis is the END of the bone CLOSEST TO the TRUNK OF the BONE.
What is Distal Epiphysis?
-The Distal Epiphysis is the END of the bone FARTHEST FROM the TRUNK.
What is Metaphysis?
-The Metaphysis is SPONGY BONE Sandwiched BETWEEN DIAPHYSIS and EPIPHYSIS. it is the part of the bone that grows through childhood(epiphyseal plate)
What is the periosteum?
-The periosteum is a DENSE layer of vascular connective TISSUE COVERING the BONES except at the surfaces of the joints.
What is the Endosteumis?
-The Endosteumis the LINING OF the MEDULLARY CAVITY and has an incomplete layer of cells.
What is the function of the human skeletal system?
- SUPPORT/PROTECT the body
- Permit MOVEMENT
- PROVIDE resistive FOUNDATION for MUSCLES
- STORAGE of MINERALS and LIPIDS
- CELL PRODUCTION
What are the names of bone cells?
- OSTEOCYTES (mature cells),
- OSTEOBLASTS(builds bone),
- OSTEOCLASTS (dissolves bone),
- OSTEOPROGENITORS (repairs bone and growth).
What is the importance of the epiphyseal plate?
- The epiphyseal GROWTH PLATE is the main site of longitudinal growth of the long bones
What’s the main difference between spongy and compact bone?
-COMPACT BONE is made from WBC’s and VESSELS in the bone while in contrast SPONGY BONES is composed of RBCs.
What are the names of bones that constitute the axial skeleton?
- The skull,
- the vertebral column
- the sternum
- the ribs(thoracic cage)
What are the names of bones in the pectoral girdle?
-The CLAVICLE and SCAPULA are the bones that MAKE up the PECTORAL GIRDLE (bones of the shoulder).
What are the names of bones in the arm?
- HUMERUS
- RADIUS,
- FINGERS
- ULNA
What are the names of bones in the forearm?
- RADIUS and ULNA
What are the names of bones in the hand?
- carpals,
- metacarpals
- phalanges
What are the types of joints?
- Fibrous joints(immovable)
- cartilaginous joints(slightly movable)
- synovial joints.(freely movable)
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
-The appendicular skeleton consists of bones within the PECTORAL and PELVIC GIRDLE .
What is the function of the rib cage?
- protect the heart and lungs
- assist in breathing
- support thoracic vertebrae
What is the part of the rib cage?
- 12 pair of ribs (7 true 5 false)
- True ribs connect to sternum
- False ribs do not connect to sternum
What is the vertebral column?
-The vertebral column is the SEGMENTED BONE that makes up the SPINE.
What are the vertebral column segments?
- CERVICAL (7 found in neck)
- THORACIC(12 found upper back )
- LUMBAR (5 lower back)
- SACRAL (5 vertebrae fused together found in butt)
- COCCYX (3-4 vertebrae fused together/tailbone)
What are the 8 parts of the skull?
-PARIETAL, TEMPORAL, OCCIPITAL , FRONTAL, MAXILLA, MANDIBLE , ZYGOMATIC NASAL.
What is the foremen magnum?
-Opening where the SKULL MEETS the SPINAL CORD.
What is the organization of skeletal muscle?
- MUSCLE
- Fascicle (tissue)
- Muscle fiber(cell)
- Myofibril (organelle)
- Sarcomere (unit)
What is the articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)?
-CARTILAGE covering JOINT SURFACE of epiphysis (reduce friction & absorb shock)
