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Biology 2 > Bones (final) > Flashcards

Bones (final) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hydroskeleton?

A

-a FLUID-FILLED CAVITY, the COELOM, SURROUNDED BY MUSCLES.

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2
Q

What are the name of 4 organisms having hydroskeleton?

A
  • JELLYFISH
  • STARFISH ,
  • SEA URCHINS
  • EARTHWORMS.
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3
Q

What is an exoskeleton?

A

-An organism having an EXTERNAL SKELETON .

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4
Q

What organisms have an exoskeleton?

A

-MOLLUSCA & ARTHROPODS
(spiders, earwigs, beetles, snails, shrimp & scallops)
the EXOSKELETON is made of CALCIUM carbonate.

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5
Q

What is an endoskeleton?

A

-An organism having an INTERNAL SKELETON . The Endoskeleton is made of mineralized bone and cartilage.

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6
Q

What organisms have endoskeletons?

A

-ECHINODERM & VERTEBRATES

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7
Q

What are the parts of the long bone (Humerus)?

A
  • PROXIMAL epiphysis,
  • DISTAL epiphysis,
  • METAPHYSIS
  • PERIOSTEUM
  • ENDOSTEUM
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8
Q

What is the proximal epiphysis?

A

-The proximal epiphysis is the END of the bone CLOSEST TO the TRUNK OF the BONE.

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9
Q

What is Distal Epiphysis?

A

-The Distal Epiphysis​ is the END of the bone FARTHEST FROM the TRUNK.

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10
Q

What is Metaphysis?

A

-The Metaphysis is SPONGY BONE Sandwiched BETWEEN DIAPHYSIS and EPIPHYSIS. it is the part of the bone that grows through childhood(epiphyseal plate)

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11
Q

What is the periosteum​?

A

-The periosteum​ is a DENSE layer of vascular connective TISSUE COVERING the BONES except at the surfaces of the joints.

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12
Q

What is the Endosteum​is?

A

-The Endosteum​is the LINING OF the MEDULLARY CAVITY and has an incomplete layer of cells.

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13
Q

What is the function of the human skeletal system?

A
  • SUPPORT/PROTECT the body
  • Permit MOVEMENT
  • PROVIDE resistive FOUNDATION for MUSCLES
  • STORAGE of MINERALS and LIPIDS
  • CELL PRODUCTION
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14
Q

What are the names of bone cells?

A
  • OSTEOCYTES (mature cells),
  • OSTEOBLASTS(builds bone),
  • OSTEOCLASTS (dissolves bone),
  • OSTEOPROGENITORS (repairs bone and growth).
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15
Q

What is the importance of the epiphyseal plate?

A
  • The epiphyseal GROWTH PLATE is the main site of longitudinal growth of the long bones
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16
Q

What’s the main difference between spongy and compact bone?

A

-COMPACT BONE is made from WBC’s and VESSELS in the bone while in contrast SPONGY BONES is composed of RBCs.

17
Q

What are the names of bones that constitute the axial skeleton?

A
  • The skull,
  • the vertebral column
  • the sternum
  • the ribs(thoracic cage)
18
Q

What are the names of bones in the pectoral girdle?

A

-The CLAVICLE and SCAPULA are the bones that MAKE up the PECTORAL GIRDLE (bones of the shoulder).

19
Q

What are the names of bones in the arm?

A
  • HUMERUS
  • RADIUS,
  • FINGERS
  • ULNA
20
Q

What are the names of bones in the forearm?

A
  • RADIUS and ULNA
21
Q

What are the names of bones in the hand?

A
  • carpals,
  • metacarpals
  • phalanges
22
Q

What are the types of joints?

A
  • Fibrous joints(immovable)
  • cartilaginous joints(slightly movable)
  • synovial joints.(freely movable)
23
Q

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

A

-The appendicular skeleton consists of bones within the PECTORAL and PELVIC GIRDLE .

24
Q

What is the function of the rib cage?

A
  • protect the heart and lungs
  • assist in breathing
  • support thoracic vertebrae
25
Q

What is the part of the rib cage?

A
  • 12 pair of ribs (7 true 5 false)
  • True ribs connect to sternum
  • False ribs do not connect to sternum
26
Q

What is the vertebral column?

A

-The vertebral column is the SEGMENTED BONE that makes up the SPINE.

27
Q

What are the vertebral column segments?

A
  • CERVICAL (7 found in neck)
  • THORACIC(12 found upper back )
  • LUMBAR (5 lower back)
  • SACRAL (5 vertebrae fused together found in butt)
  • COCCYX (3-4 vertebrae fused together/tailbone)
28
Q

What are the 8 parts of the skull?

A 
-PARIETAL, 
TEMPORAL, 
OCCIPITAL , 
FRONTAL, 
MAXILLA, 
MANDIBLE , 
ZYGOMATIC
 NASAL.
29
Q

What is the foremen magnum?

A

-Opening where the SKULL MEETS the SPINAL CORD.

30
Q

What is the organization of skeletal muscle?

A
  • MUSCLE
  • Fascicle (tissue)
  • Muscle fiber(cell)
  • Myofibril (organelle)
  • Sarcomere (unit)
31
Q

What is the articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)?

A

-CARTILAGE covering JOINT SURFACE of epiphysis (reduce friction & absorb shock)

Biology 2 (7 decks)

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