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Biology 2 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the parts of the digestive tract?

A

-Digestive system in order: MOUTH(tongue,salivary glands), PHARYNX , (epiglottis)ESOPHAGUS ,STOMACH ,(pancreas,liver,gallbladder) SMALL INTESTINES, LARGE INTESTINES ,RECTUM and ANUS.

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2
Q

What are Parts of the small intestines?

A

The three major parts of the small intestines are the duodenum, jejenum, and lluem.

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3
Q

What are the parts of the large intestine?

A

The parts of the large intestines are the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.

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4
Q

What are the Names of the accessory organs?

A

Accessory organs:

  • The TONGUE / SALIVARY GLANDS,
  • LIVER,
  • GALLBLADDER ,
  • PANCREAS
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5
Q

Define omnivores

A

Omnivore EAT PLANTS & ANIMALS for energy.

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6
Q

Define herbivores

A

Herbivores only EAT PLANTS for energy(INCISORS and MOLARS).

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7
Q

Define carnivores:

A

Carnivores only EAT MEAT for energy(SHARP CANINES & POINTED INCISORS ).

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8
Q

How many salivary glands are there and what are their names?

A

3 pairs of salivary glands called:

  • PAROTID Glands,
  • SUBLINGUAL Glands
  • SUBMANDIBULAR glands​.
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9
Q

What is the Composition of saliva?

A

Saliva is composed of 99.5% water & 0.5% SOLUTE.

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10
Q

what are the names of enzymes that digest carbohydrates and their end-digestion product?

A

AMYLASE is the enzyme that BREAKS down CARBS INTO the end digestion product of MALTOSE/GLUCOSE

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11
Q

what are the names of enzymes that digest protein and their end-digestion product?

A

-PEPSIN is the enzyme that BREAKS down PROTEIN INTO the end product of PEPTIDES/AMINO ACIDS.

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12
Q

What are the names of enzymes that digest fat and their end-digestion product?

A

-LIPASE is the enzyme that BREAKS down FAT INTO the end-digestion product of CHYLOMICRONS/FATTY ACIDS.

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13
Q

Where does the digestion start for these three macromolecules?

A

-The DIGESTION OF CARBS begins in the MOUTH.
The DIGESTION of PROTEINS starts in the STOMACH.
FAT DIGESTION begins in the STOMACH.

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14
Q

Which structure prevents food from entering the respiratory tract?

A

-The PHARYNX prevents food from entering the respiratory tract.

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15
Q

What is deglutition?

A

-Deglutition is the MOVEMENT of FOOD FROM the MOUTH into the STOMACH .​

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16
Q

define mastication

A

-Mastication is the preparation of food by CHEWING for deglutition and digestion.

17
Q

define churning:

A

When the STOMACH lining MUSCLES PHYSICALLY squeeze and MIX the FOOD with strong DIGESTIVE JUICES .

18
Q

define chyme:

A

-FOOD MIXED with GASTRIC JUICES becomes CHYME​

19
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Peristalsis is the Rhythmical CONTRACTIONS to MOVE CONTENT in TUBULAR ORGANS .

20
Q

What are the Stomach cells that secrete HCL, pepsinogen, mucus?

A
  • MUCOUS CELLS secrete MUCUS
  • CHIEF CELLS secrete PEPSINOGEN and GASTRIC LIPASE.
  • PARIETAL CELLS secrete hydrochloric acid (HCL)
21
Q

What is rugae?

A

rugae are a series of RIDGES produced by folding OF the WALL OF an ORGAN

22
Q

What are the sphincters of the stomach and their location?

A

-LOWER ESOPHAGEAL sphincter and the PYLORIC sphincter.

23
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

The pancreas MAKE PANCREATIC JUICES/ENZYMES.

24
Q

What does the pancreatic juices do?

A

-These enzymes BREAKDOWN SUGARS, FATS, and STARCHES . Your pancreas also helps your digestive system by making hormones.

25
Q

What are the names of the different pancreatic enzymes?

A

-Pancreatic TRYPSIN, Pancreatic AMYLASE, Pancreatic LIPASE

26
Q

What is the Function of the liver?

A

The primary functions of the liver are:

  • BILE PRODUCTION and excretion
  • EXCRETION of BILIRUBIN
  • PROCESS HORMONES/DRUGS
  • ENZYME activation/METABOLISM
  • Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals,
27
Q

What does the liver store?

A

-Storage of GLYCOGEN,VITAMINS, and MINERALS

28
Q

What is the storage form of carbohydrates in plants and animals?

A
  • PLANTS STORE CARBS(glucose) as STARCH

- ANIMALS STORE CARBS as GLYCOGEN .

29
Q

What is the Storage form of fat in animal and plant?

A

-ADIPOSE TISSUE serves as the major STORE area for FATS in ANIMALS.
In PLANTS,

-FAT/OIL is STORED IN many SEEDS

30
Q

What are complete Protein?

A

Complete proteins HAVE ALL the essential AMINO ACIDS our bodies need. (9 are essential)

31
Q

What are incomplete proteins?

A

PLANT FOODS are considered incomplete proteins because they are low or LACK in ONE or more of the AMINO ACIDS we need to build cells.

32
Q

What are antioxidant vitamins?

A

Antioxidant vitamins are ORGANIC COMPOUND the BODY is CANNOT PRODUCE , but are REQUIRED for metabolic purposes​.

33
Q

What is Diabetes mellitus and how do you differentiate type-I & type-II ?

A
  • Diabetes is the body’s inability to maintain blood sugar’s homeostasis .
  • Type 1 diabetes occurs when B cells of the pancreas are destroyed and INSULIN CANT BE SYNTHESIZE .
  • Type 2 diabetes occurs when BODY cells are UNABLE TO RESPOND TO INSULIN (insulin resistance).

Biology 2 (7 decks)

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