Digestive System

Question 1

What are the parts of the digestive tract?

Answer 1

-Digestive system in order: MOUTH(tongue,salivary glands), PHARYNX , (epiglottis)ESOPHAGUS ,STOMACH ,(pancreas,liver,gallbladder) SMALL INTESTINES, LARGE INTESTINES ,RECTUM and ANUS.

Question 2

What are Parts of the small intestines?

Answer 2

The three major parts of the small intestines are the duodenum, jejenum, and lluem.

Question 3

What are the parts of the large intestine?

Answer 3

The parts of the large intestines are the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.

Question 4

What are the Names of the accessory organs?

Answer 4

Accessory organs:

• The TONGUE / SALIVARY GLANDS,
• LIVER,
• GALLBLADDER ,
• PANCREAS

Question 5

Define omnivores

Answer 5

Omnivore EAT PLANTS & ANIMALS for energy.

Question 6

Define herbivores

Answer 6

Herbivores only EAT PLANTS for energy(INCISORS and MOLARS).

Question 7

Define carnivores:

Answer 7

Carnivores only EAT MEAT for energy(SHARP CANINES & POINTED INCISORS ).

Question 8

How many salivary glands are there and what are their names?

Answer 8

3 pairs of salivary glands called:

• PAROTID Glands,
• SUBLINGUAL Glands
• SUBMANDIBULAR glands​.

Question 9

What is the Composition of saliva?

Answer 9

Saliva is composed of 99.5% water & 0.5% SOLUTE.

Question 10

what are the names of enzymes that digest carbohydrates and their end-digestion product?

Answer 10

AMYLASE is the enzyme that BREAKS down CARBS INTO the end digestion product of MALTOSE/GLUCOSE

Question 11

what are the names of enzymes that digest protein and their end-digestion product?

Answer 11

-PEPSIN is the enzyme that BREAKS down PROTEIN INTO the end product of PEPTIDES/AMINO ACIDS.

Question 12

What are the names of enzymes that digest fat and their end-digestion product?

Answer 12

-LIPASE is the enzyme that BREAKS down FAT INTO the end-digestion product of CHYLOMICRONS/FATTY ACIDS.

Question 13

Where does the digestion start for these three macromolecules?

Answer 13

-The DIGESTION OF CARBS begins in the MOUTH.
The DIGESTION of PROTEINS starts in the STOMACH.
FAT DIGESTION begins in the STOMACH.

Question 14

Which structure prevents food from entering the respiratory tract?

Answer 14

-The PHARYNX prevents food from entering the respiratory tract.

Question 15

What is deglutition?

Answer 15

-Deglutition is the MOVEMENT of FOOD FROM the MOUTH into the STOMACH .​

Question 16

define mastication

Answer 16

-Mastication is the preparation of food by CHEWING for deglutition and digestion.

Question 17

define churning:

Answer 17

When the STOMACH lining MUSCLES PHYSICALLY squeeze and MIX the FOOD with strong DIGESTIVE JUICES .

Question 18

define chyme:

Answer 18

-FOOD MIXED with GASTRIC JUICES becomes CHYME​

Question 19

What is peristalsis?

Answer 19

Peristalsis is the Rhythmical CONTRACTIONS to MOVE CONTENT in TUBULAR ORGANS .

Question 20

What are the Stomach cells that secrete HCL, pepsinogen, mucus?

Answer 20

• MUCOUS CELLS secrete MUCUS
• CHIEF CELLS secrete PEPSINOGEN and GASTRIC LIPASE.
• PARIETAL CELLS secrete hydrochloric acid (HCL)

Question 21

What is rugae?

Answer 21

rugae are a series of RIDGES produced by folding OF the WALL OF an ORGAN

Question 22

What are the sphincters of the stomach and their location?

Answer 22

-LOWER ESOPHAGEAL sphincter and the PYLORIC sphincter.

Question 23

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 23

The pancreas MAKE PANCREATIC JUICES/ENZYMES.

Question 24

What does the pancreatic juices do?

Answer 24

-These enzymes BREAKDOWN SUGARS, FATS, and STARCHES . Your pancreas also helps your digestive system by making hormones.

Question 25

What are the names of the different pancreatic enzymes?

Answer 25

-Pancreatic TRYPSIN, Pancreatic AMYLASE, Pancreatic LIPASE

Question 26

What is the Function of the liver?

Answer 26

The primary functions of the liver are:

• BILE PRODUCTION and excretion
• EXCRETION of BILIRUBIN
• PROCESS HORMONES/DRUGS
• ENZYME activation/METABOLISM
• Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals,

Question 27

What does the liver store?

Answer 27

-Storage of GLYCOGEN,VITAMINS, and MINERALS

Question 28

What is the storage form of carbohydrates in plants and animals?

Answer 28

• PLANTS STORE CARBS(glucose) as STARCH

- ANIMALS STORE CARBS as GLYCOGEN .

Question 29

What is the Storage form of fat in animal and plant?

Answer 29

-ADIPOSE TISSUE serves as the major STORE area for FATS in ANIMALS.
In PLANTS,

-FAT/OIL is STORED IN many SEEDS

Question 30

What are complete Protein?

Answer 30

Complete proteins HAVE ALL the essential AMINO ACIDS our bodies need. (9 are essential)

Question 31

What are incomplete proteins?

Answer 31

PLANT FOODS are considered incomplete proteins because they are low or LACK in ONE or more of the AMINO ACIDS we need to build cells.

Question 32

What are antioxidant vitamins?

Answer 32

Antioxidant vitamins are ORGANIC COMPOUND the BODY is CANNOT PRODUCE , but are REQUIRED for metabolic purposes​.

Question 33

What is Diabetes mellitus and how do you differentiate type-I & type-II ?

Answer 33

• Diabetes is the body’s inability to maintain blood sugar’s homeostasis .
• Type 1 diabetes occurs when B cells of the pancreas are destroyed and INSULIN CANT BE SYNTHESIZE .
• Type 2 diabetes occurs when BODY cells are UNABLE TO RESPOND TO INSULIN (insulin resistance).