Digestive System Flashcards
What are the parts of the digestive tract?
-Digestive system in order: MOUTH(tongue,salivary glands), PHARYNX , (epiglottis)ESOPHAGUS ,STOMACH ,(pancreas,liver,gallbladder) SMALL INTESTINES, LARGE INTESTINES ,RECTUM and ANUS.
What are Parts of the small intestines?
The three major parts of the small intestines are the duodenum, jejenum, and lluem.
What are the parts of the large intestine?
The parts of the large intestines are the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.
What are the Names of the accessory organs?
Accessory organs:
- The TONGUE / SALIVARY GLANDS,
- LIVER,
- GALLBLADDER ,
- PANCREAS
Define omnivores
Omnivore EAT PLANTS & ANIMALS for energy.
Define herbivores
Herbivores only EAT PLANTS for energy(INCISORS and MOLARS).
Define carnivores:
Carnivores only EAT MEAT for energy(SHARP CANINES & POINTED INCISORS ).
How many salivary glands are there and what are their names?
3 pairs of salivary glands called:
- PAROTID Glands,
- SUBLINGUAL Glands
- SUBMANDIBULAR glands.
What is the Composition of saliva?
Saliva is composed of 99.5% water & 0.5% SOLUTE.
what are the names of enzymes that digest carbohydrates and their end-digestion product?
AMYLASE is the enzyme that BREAKS down CARBS INTO the end digestion product of MALTOSE/GLUCOSE
what are the names of enzymes that digest protein and their end-digestion product?
-PEPSIN is the enzyme that BREAKS down PROTEIN INTO the end product of PEPTIDES/AMINO ACIDS.
What are the names of enzymes that digest fat and their end-digestion product?
-LIPASE is the enzyme that BREAKS down FAT INTO the end-digestion product of CHYLOMICRONS/FATTY ACIDS.
Where does the digestion start for these three macromolecules?
-The DIGESTION OF CARBS begins in the MOUTH.
The DIGESTION of PROTEINS starts in the STOMACH.
FAT DIGESTION begins in the STOMACH.
Which structure prevents food from entering the respiratory tract?
-The PHARYNX prevents food from entering the respiratory tract.
What is deglutition?
-Deglutition is the MOVEMENT of FOOD FROM the MOUTH into the STOMACH .
define mastication
-Mastication is the preparation of food by CHEWING for deglutition and digestion.
define churning:
When the STOMACH lining MUSCLES PHYSICALLY squeeze and MIX the FOOD with strong DIGESTIVE JUICES .
define chyme:
-FOOD MIXED with GASTRIC JUICES becomes CHYME
What is peristalsis?
Peristalsis is the Rhythmical CONTRACTIONS to MOVE CONTENT in TUBULAR ORGANS .
What are the Stomach cells that secrete HCL, pepsinogen, mucus?
- MUCOUS CELLS secrete MUCUS
- CHIEF CELLS secrete PEPSINOGEN and GASTRIC LIPASE.
- PARIETAL CELLS secrete hydrochloric acid (HCL)
What is rugae?
rugae are a series of RIDGES produced by folding OF the WALL OF an ORGAN
What are the sphincters of the stomach and their location?
-LOWER ESOPHAGEAL sphincter and the PYLORIC sphincter.
What is the function of the pancreas?
The pancreas MAKE PANCREATIC JUICES/ENZYMES.
What does the pancreatic juices do?
-These enzymes BREAKDOWN SUGARS, FATS, and STARCHES . Your pancreas also helps your digestive system by making hormones.
What are the names of the different pancreatic enzymes?
-Pancreatic TRYPSIN, Pancreatic AMYLASE, Pancreatic LIPASE
What is the Function of the liver?
The primary functions of the liver are:
- BILE PRODUCTION and excretion
- EXCRETION of BILIRUBIN
- PROCESS HORMONES/DRUGS
- ENZYME activation/METABOLISM
- Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals,
What does the liver store?
-Storage of GLYCOGEN,VITAMINS, and MINERALS
What is the storage form of carbohydrates in plants and animals?
- PLANTS STORE CARBS(glucose) as STARCH
- ANIMALS STORE CARBS as GLYCOGEN .
What is the Storage form of fat in animal and plant?
-ADIPOSE TISSUE serves as the major STORE area for FATS in ANIMALS.
In PLANTS,
-FAT/OIL is STORED IN many SEEDS
What are complete Protein?
Complete proteins HAVE ALL the essential AMINO ACIDS our bodies need. (9 are essential)
What are incomplete proteins?
PLANT FOODS are considered incomplete proteins because they are low or LACK in ONE or more of the AMINO ACIDS we need to build cells.
What are antioxidant vitamins?
Antioxidant vitamins are ORGANIC COMPOUND the BODY is CANNOT PRODUCE , but are REQUIRED for metabolic purposes.
What is Diabetes mellitus and how do you differentiate type-I & type-II ?
- Diabetes is the body’s inability to maintain blood sugar’s homeostasis .
- Type 1 diabetes occurs when B cells of the pancreas are destroyed and INSULIN CANT BE SYNTHESIZE .
- Type 2 diabetes occurs when BODY cells are UNABLE TO RESPOND TO INSULIN (insulin resistance).
