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AP 2 > Lymphatic and Immune Systems Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Lymphatic and Immune Systems Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the lymphatic system?

A

lymph
lymphatic vessels
lymphatic tissues

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2
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. draining interstitial fluid not reabsorbed by capillary beds (15% of filtered fluid)
  2. return of leaked plasma proteins in the blood
  3. transporting dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins from gastrointestinal tract to blood
  4. protecting against invasion of microorganisms through immune responses
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3
Q

How do lymphatic vessels differ from veins in structure?

A

thinner walls than in veis
more valves to prevent backflow than veins

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4
Q

What are lymphatic capillaries?

A

closed ended tubes located in the spaces between cells

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5
Q

Lymphatic vessels and capillaries are found everywhere EXCEPT:

A

avascular tissues
central nervous system
splenic pulp
red bone marrow

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6
Q

What are the fine collagen fibrils at right angles to the lymphatic endothelial cells?

A

anchoring filaments

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7
Q

What are the specialized lymphatic capillaries in villi of the small intestine?

A

Lacteals

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8
Q

How is lymph formed?

A

From the excess fluid not reabsorbed by capillaries

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9
Q

How much fluid enters the lymphatic vessels each day?

A

3L

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10
Q

What is the pattern of fluid flow?

A

arteries (blood plasma)
capillaries (blood plasma)
interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid)
lymphatic capillaries (lymph)
lymph nodes (lymph)
lymph trunks (lymph)
lymphatic duscts (lymph)
subclavian vein (blood plasma)

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11
Q

What are the 2 ways lymph flows?

A
  1. contractions of skeletal muscles
  2. respiratory pump
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12
Q

List the lymph trunks?

A
  1. Lumbar trunk (left and right)
  2. Intestinal trunk
  3. bronchomediastinal trunks (left and right)
  4. subclavian trunks (left and right)
  5. jugular trunks (left and right)
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13
Q

List the lymph ducts

A
  1. Thoracic duct (Left Lymphatic Duct)
  2. Right lymphatic duct
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14
Q

How long are the lymphatic ducts?

A

Thoracic Duct = 38-45 cm long
Right Lymphatic Duct = 1.25 cm long

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15
Q

Where does the Thoracic Duct receive lymph from?

A

left side of the the upper body (head, neck, chest, upper limb)
entire lower body from the ribs down

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16
Q

Where does the Right Lymphatic Duct drain lymph from?

A

the upper right side of the body.

17
Q

Where do the Lymph ducts drain?

A

Thoracic Duct empties into the left subclavian vein
Right Lymphatic Duct into the right subclavian vein

18
Q

What is lymphedema?

A

Tissue swelling due to the inability of the lymphatic system to return excess tissue fluid/lymph to the blood

19
Q

What causes lymphedema and how is it treated?

A

Acquired forms due to lymphatic vessel removal after cancer surgery (mastectomy) or associated with parasitic worms that invade and scar the vessels.

Treated via Manual Lymphatic Drainage

20
Q

What are the primary lymphatic organs and provide examples

A

Site of stem cell division and formation of B and T lymphocytes.
Red bone marrow
Thymus gland

21
Q

Where do B cell mature?

A

Red bone marrow

22
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus gland

23
Q

What are secondary lymphatic organs and what are examples?

A

Site where most immune responses occur and mature cells reside.
Lymph nodes
spleen
lymphatic nodules

24
Q

What does the thymus gland do as we age (after puberty)?

A

atrophy

25
Q

How many lymph nodes are there (approx)?

A

600

26
Q

Where are lymph nodes located?

A

along the length of lymphatic vessels, scattered around the body and usually found in groups.

27
Q

What is the indented region of a lymph node called?

A

Hilus

28
Q

What is included in the stroma (framework) of a lymph node?

A

capsule
trabeculae
reticular fibers
fibroblasts

29
Q

The parenchyma (functional part) of the lymph node includes what?

A

cortex
medulla

30
Q

What is contained in the cortex of the parenchyma?

A

macrophages and T cells
germinal centers where B cells proliferate into plasma cells

31
Q

What is contained in the medulla of the parenchyma?

A

B cells and macrophage cells

32
Q

What is the function of lymph nodes?

A

Filter foreign substances out of lymph

AP 2 (9 decks)

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