Lymphatic and Immune Systems Quiz 1 Flashcards
What are the components of the lymphatic system?
lymph
lymphatic vessels
lymphatic tissues
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
- draining interstitial fluid not reabsorbed by capillary beds (15% of filtered fluid)
- return of leaked plasma proteins in the blood
- transporting dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins from gastrointestinal tract to blood
- protecting against invasion of microorganisms through immune responses
How do lymphatic vessels differ from veins in structure?
thinner walls than in veis
more valves to prevent backflow than veins
What are lymphatic capillaries?
closed ended tubes located in the spaces between cells
Lymphatic vessels and capillaries are found everywhere EXCEPT:
avascular tissues
central nervous system
splenic pulp
red bone marrow
What are the fine collagen fibrils at right angles to the lymphatic endothelial cells?
anchoring filaments
What are the specialized lymphatic capillaries in villi of the small intestine?
Lacteals
How is lymph formed?
From the excess fluid not reabsorbed by capillaries
How much fluid enters the lymphatic vessels each day?
3L
What is the pattern of fluid flow?
arteries (blood plasma)
capillaries (blood plasma)
interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid)
lymphatic capillaries (lymph)
lymph nodes (lymph)
lymph trunks (lymph)
lymphatic duscts (lymph)
subclavian vein (blood plasma)
What are the 2 ways lymph flows?
- contractions of skeletal muscles
- respiratory pump
List the lymph trunks?
- Lumbar trunk (left and right)
- Intestinal trunk
- bronchomediastinal trunks (left and right)
- subclavian trunks (left and right)
- jugular trunks (left and right)
List the lymph ducts
- Thoracic duct (Left Lymphatic Duct)
- Right lymphatic duct
How long are the lymphatic ducts?
Thoracic Duct = 38-45 cm long
Right Lymphatic Duct = 1.25 cm long
Where does the Thoracic Duct receive lymph from?
left side of the the upper body (head, neck, chest, upper limb)
entire lower body from the ribs down
Where does the Right Lymphatic Duct drain lymph from?
the upper right side of the body.
Where do the Lymph ducts drain?
Thoracic Duct empties into the left subclavian vein
Right Lymphatic Duct into the right subclavian vein
What is lymphedema?
Tissue swelling due to the inability of the lymphatic system to return excess tissue fluid/lymph to the blood
What causes lymphedema and how is it treated?
Acquired forms due to lymphatic vessel removal after cancer surgery (mastectomy) or associated with parasitic worms that invade and scar the vessels.
Treated via Manual Lymphatic Drainage
What are the primary lymphatic organs and provide examples
Site of stem cell division and formation of B and T lymphocytes.
Red bone marrow
Thymus gland
Where do B cell mature?
Red bone marrow
Where do T cells mature?
Thymus gland
What are secondary lymphatic organs and what are examples?
Site where most immune responses occur and mature cells reside.
Lymph nodes
spleen
lymphatic nodules
What does the thymus gland do as we age (after puberty)?
atrophy
How many lymph nodes are there (approx)?
600
Where are lymph nodes located?
along the length of lymphatic vessels, scattered around the body and usually found in groups.
What is the indented region of a lymph node called?
Hilus
What is included in the stroma (framework) of a lymph node?
capsule
trabeculae
reticular fibers
fibroblasts
The parenchyma (functional part) of the lymph node includes what?
cortex
medulla
What is contained in the cortex of the parenchyma?
macrophages and T cells
germinal centers where B cells proliferate into plasma cells
What is contained in the medulla of the parenchyma?
B cells and macrophage cells
What is the function of lymph nodes?
Filter foreign substances out of lymph
