Endocrine System 1st Quiz Flashcards
What are the three cells involved in communication between the nervous and endocrine systems?
neurons
endocrine cells
neuroendocrine cells
What is a key difference between neurons and hormones?
neurons communicate with “target cells” it forms chemical or electrical synapses with
hormones are secreted into the blood and are carried to nearly every cell in the body.
What determines if a particular cell will respond to a particular hormone?
Whether or not the cell has a receptor for that hormone
What are the effects of neuronal action potentials?
to stimulate another nerve, glandular secretion and muscle contractions only.
What are the effects of hormones on cells?
Metabolic reactions such as homeostasis, metabolism, secretions by glands, regulation of the immune system, growth and development or reproduction.
Which acts faster neurons or hormones?
Neurons take milliseconds, hormones can take minutes or hours but the effects can persist for long periods of time.
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers released into the circulatory system in very low quantities and elicit a response upon reaching the target cells
What are the 2 types of glands?
exocrine
endocrine
How do exocrine glands secrete?
Secrete into ducts or onto body surfaces
ie: salivary glands, sweat glands
How do endocrine glands secrete?
They lack ducts and their products are released into interstitial fluid and then they diffuse into blood and travel throughout the body
What do endocrine glands secrete?
hormones
How are circulating hormones transported to distant target cells?
through blood vessels
Are circulating hormones endocrine or exocrine?
endocrine
Where are local hormones released?
very close to target cells
What are the 2 types of local hormones?
autocrine
paracrine
What do autocrine hormones act on?
The same cell that secreted them
What do paracrine hormones act on?
other neighbouring cells
What are the 4 principle classes of hormones?
steroids
amines
peptides and proteins
eicosanoids
Which hormones are derived from cholesterol and are thus lipids and fat soluble?
steroids
Which hormones are simple derivatives of amino acids?
amines
Which hormone consists of chains of amino acids of varying lengths?
peptides and proteins
What hormones are derived from a 20 carbon fatty acid called arachiodonic acid?
eicosanoids
What are the 2 families of eicosanoids?
leukotrienes
prostaglandins
What do leukotrienes do?
promote inflammation and participate in allergic reactions
